Other Proteins

GRB7 or growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 belongs to a small family of adapter proteins which interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinases and signaling molecules. GRB7 encodes a growth factor receptor-binding protein that interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ephrin receptors. GRB7 is highly expressed in liver and kidney (1). GRB7 isoforms are involved in cell invasion and metastatic progression of human esophageal carcinomas (2). GRB7 plays an important role in the integrin signaling pathway and cell migration by binding with focal adhesion kinase (FAK). GRB7 Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Angiogenesis, Apoptosis/Autophagy, Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, ERK/MAPK Pathway, Invasion/Metastasis, JAK/STAT Pathway, and Neurobiology research.

HO1 (Heme oxygenase 1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of heme to biliverdin and is one of the main genes controlling heme synthesis and catabolism. HO1 plays a protective role in various disorders and can ameliorate experimental MN via multiple pathways, including anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory effects (1). Exposure of primary hepatocytes to carbon monoxide and nitric oxide results in dramatic induction of HO1 in dose- and time-dependent manner and this induction is blocked by MAP kinase inhibitors (MAPKs) but not by inhibitors of PI3 kinase pathway (2). HO1 Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Cell Stress & Chaperone Proteins, Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Cellular Stress, Inflammation, and Neurobiology research.

The RAS gene superfamily encodes a group of closely related 21,000 dalton (p21) proteins with special affinity for guanine nucleotides (GTP). RAS and several other cellular proteins with similar biochemical properties are collectively known as G-proteins and they play key roles in a wide variety of cellular activities, including cell growth, differentiation, secretion, and protein trafficking (1). There are three forms of RAS gene in cells termed H-RAS, N-RAS, and K-RAS. RAS proteins play a direct causal role in human cancer and in other diseases. Mutant H-RAS, N-RAS, and K-RAS occur in varying frequencies in different tumor types (2). Other members of the RAS superfamily may also contribute to cancer. HRAS1 (G12V) Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, G-Proteins, Apoptosis/Autophagy, Cancer, Cell Cycle, and Ser/Thr Kinase research.

HSD17B10 gene encodes the protein 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 that is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily SCHAD (1). HSD17B10 gene product is a mitochondrial protein that is involved in lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and steroid hormone metabolism. HSD17B10 protein has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease and mutations in the gene are the cause of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MHBD). Furthermore, HSD17B10 may act as a direct molecular link between beta-amyloid and mitochondrial toxicity (2). HSD17B10 Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Cellular Proteins, Cellular Stress, and Neurobiology research.

HSP10 is a 10-kDa stress-inducible mitochondrial protein which is a member of the heat shock proteins. HSP10 is synthesized at elevated rates in cultured rat hepatoma cells challenged with heat shock or amino acid analogues. HSP10 has been implicated in multiple disease states in humans. In myocardial samples from patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, cardiomyocytes respond to chronic atrial fibrillation with increased expression of HSP10 and HSP60 (1). HSP10 is also overexpressed early in prostate carcinogenesis. HSP10 is also overexpressed in large bowel carcinomas and it may have diagnostic and prognostic significance in the management of this tumour (2). HSP10 Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Cell Stress & Chaperone Proteins, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cellular Stress research.

HSP70 is a member of the heat shock protein family and is synthesized by cells of many organisms in response to stress (1). HSP70 is found mostly but not exclusively in the nucleus of unstressed cells. For several hours after a short heat shock, however, it is strongly concentrated in nucleoli (2). Nucleoli are transiently damaged by such a heat shock: their morphology changes and assembly and export of ribosomes is blocked for several hours. HSP70 helps to stabilize the morphological changes of the nucleoli. HSP70 Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Cell Stress & Chaperone Proteins, Apoptosis/Autophagy, Cancer, and Cellular Stress research.

IkB-alpha is an inhibitor of the NFkB complex and inactivates the NFkB by trapping it in the cytoplasm (1). Phosphorylation of serine residues on the IkB protein by IkB kinases (IKKs) marks it for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing the activation of the NFkB complex. Synthetic glucocorticoid such as dexamethasone display anti-inflammatory effects by inducing the increased synthesis of the IkB protein thereby inhibiting the activity of the NFkB complex. Overexpression of the IkB-alpha gene in fibroblasts leads to inhibition of production of IL-6, TNF receptor, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 (2). IkB-alpha Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Transcription Proteins, AKT/PKB Pathway, Apoptosis/Autophagy, Inflammation, and p38 Pathway research.

IkB-alpha is an inhibitor of the NFkB complex and inactivates the NFkB by trapping it in the cytoplasm (1). Phosphorylation of serine residues on the IkB protein by IkB kinases (IKKs) marks it for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing the activation of the NFkB complex. Synthetic glucocorticoid such as dexamethasone display anti-inflammatory effects by inducing the increased synthesis of the IkB protein thereby inhibiting the activity of the NFkB complex. Overexpression of the IkB-alpha gene in fibroblasts leads to inhibition of production of IL-6, TNF receptor, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 (2). IkB-alpha Protein is ideal for investigators involved in, Signaling Proteins, Transcription Proteins, AKT/PKB Pathway, Apoptosis/Autophagy, Inflammation, and p38 Pathway research.

INCENP or inner centromere protein antigens 135/155kDa is a constitutively binding centromere proteins and 'passenger,' or transiently interacting, proteins. The overexpression of a truncation mutant of chicken INCENP and a chimeric CENPB:INCENP protein in mammalian cell culture disrupted both prometaphase chromosome alignment and completion of cytokinesis (1). INCENP forms a complex with the evolutionarily conserved family of Aurora B kinases which helps coordinate chromosome segregation, spindle behavior, and cytokinesis during mitosis (2). INCEP Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Microtubule/Actin Associated Proteins, Cell Cycle, and Invasion/Metastasis research.