Other Proteins

UBE2Z (USE1) encodes the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) which is involved in Ubiquitination, the covalent attachment of the protein ubiquitin (Ub) to other cellular proteins (1). UBE2Z plays an important role in the ubiquitin process and has been implicated in a number of important physiological processes including apoptosis. UBE2Z is specifically charged with ubiquitin by UBA6 (2). UBE2Z is widely expressed in human tissues and expression is especially high in placenta, pancreas, spleen and testis. UBE2Z Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Ubiquitin Proteins, Cancer, Cell Cycle, and Neurobiology research.

UBLE1A (also known as SAE1) or SUMO1 activating enzyme subunit 1 is involved in regulating protein structure and intracellular localization. SAE1 and UBA2 form a heterodimer that functions as a SUMO-activating enzyme for the sumoylation of proteins (1). The SAE1/SAE2 dimer functions in SUMO1 activation in a manner analogous to the single E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes. The SAE2 inactivation may be a therapeutic strategy in MYC-driven cancers (2). UBLE1A Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Ubiquitin Proteins, Cancer, Cell Cycle, and Neurobiology research.

UHMK1 (KIS) or U2AF homology motif (UHM) kinase 1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that promotes cell cycle progression through G1 phase. UHMK1 phosphorylates the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) and this results in its export to the nucleus where it undergoes degradation. UHMK1 is a growth factor-dependent nuclear kinase which can regulate cell cycle progression (1). Elevated levels of UHMK1 protein in leukemia cells has been shown to promote cell cycle progression. UHMK1 has also been shown to function in the adult nervous system where it is highly expressed and the gene has been associated with schizophrenia (2). UHMK1 Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Cellular Proteins, Cancer, Cell Cycle, and Ser/Thr Kinases research.

ULK4, or Unc-51-like kinase 4, is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that is a member of the APG1/unc-51/ULK1 subfamily. ULK4 contains five HEAT repeats and a catalytic kinase domain. The ULK4 gene is conserved in many species including chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, A.thaliana, and rice (1). ULK4 has been implicated as a gene involved in the development of hydrocephalus (2). This neurologic disorder in animal models is being used to elucidate factors responsible for the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in hydrocephalic humans. ULK4 Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Cellular Proteins, Apoptosis/Autophagy, Cancer, and Ser/Thr Kinases research.

VAV1 is a member of the VAV gene family which are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho family GTPases. VAV1 activates pathways leading to actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and transcriptional alterations. VAV1 is important in hematopoiesis, playing a role in T-cell and B-cell development and activation (1). VAV1 has been identified as the specific binding partner of Nef proteins from HIV-1. Co-expression and binding of Nef with VAV1 initiates profound morphological changes, cytoskeletal rearrangements and the JNK/SAPK signaling cascade, leading to increased levels of viral transcription and replication.VAV1 proto-oncogene participates in the signaling processes that mediate the antigen-induced activation of B lymphocytes (2). VAV1 Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Cellular Proteins, Apoptosis/Autophagy, ERK/MAPK Pathway, JNK/SAPK Pathway, and p38 Pathway research.

VLK or vertebrate lonesome kinase is a protein kinase which is first expressed in E-cadherin-positive anterior visceral endoderm and mesendoderm, and later its expression is confined to E-cadherin-negative mesenchyme. VLK regulates the rate of protein export from the Golgi and thereby plays an important role in the formation of functional stroma by mesenchymal cells (1). Targeted disruption of VLK leads to a defect in lung development and delayed ossification of endochondral bone. VLK deficient mice display neonatal lethality due to respiratory failure, with a suckling defect arising from a cleft palate. VLK is required for the appropriate timing of flat proliferative chondrocyte differentiation (2). VLK Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Cellular Proteins, Cancer, Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinases, Invasion/Metastasis, Neurobiology, and Ser/Thr Kinases research.

XIAP is a member of a family of proteins which inhibit apoptosis and act as mammalian cell-death suppressors. XIAP inhibits at least 2 members of the caspase family of cell-death proteases, caspase-3 and caspase-7 (1). In addition, XIAP inhibits apoptosis induced by menadione, a potent inducer of free radicals, and ICE. Furthermore, XIAP can mediate protection of cells from apoptosis by utilizing both a JNK1 activation pathway that involves ILPIP and a caspase inhibition pathway that is independent of ILPIP (2). Disruption of the XIAP gene in human colon cancer cells can enhance sensitivity of these cells to exogenously added TRAIL suggesting that XIAP is a nonredundant modulator of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. XIAP Protein is ideal for investigators involved in Signaling Proteins, Apoptosis Proteins, Apoptosis/Autophagy, Cancer, Inflammation, and Neurobiology research.

Artemin is a novel member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GNDF) ligand family. Current evidence suggests that Artemin signals through the receptor complex, GFRα3-RET, to influence neuron survival in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant human Artemin is a non-glycosylated, disulfide-linked homodimer, containing two 113 amino acid chains, with a total molecular weight of 24.2 kDa.

Artemin is a novel member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GNDF) ligand family. Current evidence suggests that Artemin signals through the receptor complex, GFRα3-RET, to influence neuron survival in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant human Artemin is a non-glycosylated, disulfide-linked homodimer, containing two 113 amino acid chains, with a total molecular weight of 24.2 kDa.