ELISA Kits

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoglobulin, or alpha fetal protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene. The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q25). AFP is the most abundant plasma protein found in the human fetus. Plasma levels decrease rapidly after birth but begin decreasing prenatally starting at the end of the first trimester. Normal adult levels are usually achieved by the age of 8 to 12 months. The function of AFP in adult humans is unknown; however, in rodents it binds estradiol to prevent the transport of this hormone across the placenta to the fetus. The main function of this is to prevent the virilization of female fetuses. As human AFP does not bind estrogen, its function in humans is less clear.

Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2 are important for development of the endothelium, by regulating tyrosine phosphorylation of the membrane receptor Tie 2. Angiopoietin 2 is only 60% homologous with Angiopoietin 1. Angiopoietin-2 is a naturally occurring antagonist of angiopoietin-1 that competes for binding to the TIE2 receptor and blocks ANGPT1-induced TIE2 autophosphorylation. Angiopoietin 1 binding to Tie 2 causes phosphorylation of the receptor. Angiopoietin 2 competes for this binding, and thus blocks receptor phosphorylation. Angiopoietin 2 expression occurs at sites of vascular remodelling: dorsal aorta and major aortic branches, ovary, placenta and uterus.

Amyloid precursor protein(APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. Its primary function is not known, though it has been implicated as a regulator of synapse formation, neural plasticity and iron export. APP is best known and most commonly studied as the precursor molecule whose proteolysis generates beta amyloid(Abeta), a 39- to 42-amino acid peptide whose amyloid fibrillar form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. APP undergoes posttranslational proteolytic processing by alpha-, beta-, and gamma-secretases. Alpha-secretase generates soluble amyloid protein, while beta- and gamma-secretases generate APP components with amyloidogenic features. These 2 processing pathways are mutually exclusive.

Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AXL gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. Although it is similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases, the Axl protein represents a unique structure of the extracellular region that juxtaposes IgL and FNIII repeats. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factors like vitamin K-dependent protein growth-arrest-specific gene 6. It is involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation. This receptor can also mediate cell aggregation by homophilic binding. Axl is a chronic myelogenous leukemia-associated oncogene and also associated with colon cancer and melanoma. It is in close vicinity to the bcl3 oncogene, which is at 19q13.1-q13.2. The Axl gene is evolutionarily conserved between vertebrate species. This gene has two different alternatively spliced transcript variants.

Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AXL gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. Although it is similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases, the Axl protein represents a unique structure of the extracellular region that juxtaposes IgL and FNIII repeats. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factors like vitamin K-dependent protein growth-arrest-specific gene 6. It is involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation. This receptor can also mediate cell aggregation by homophilic binding. Axl is a chronic myelogenous leukemia-associated oncogene and also associated with colon cancer and melanoma. It is in close vicinity to the bcl3 oncogene, which is at 19q13.1-q13.2. The Axl gene is evolutionarily conserved between vertebrate species. This gene has two different alternatively spliced transcript variants.

TNFRSF17(Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17), also called BCMA, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF17 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily and is mapped to 16p13.13. This receptor is preferentially expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and may be important for B cell development and autoimmune response. This receptor has been shown to specifically bind to the tumor necrosis factor(ligand) superfamily, member 13b(TNFSF13B/TALL-1/BAFF), and to lead to NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK activation. This receptor also binds to various TRAF family members, and thus may transduce signals for cell survival and proliferation.

TNFRSF17(Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17), also called BCMA, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF17 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily and is mapped to 16p13.13. This receptor is preferentially expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and may be important for B cell development and autoimmune response. This receptor has been shown to specifically bind to the tumor necrosis factor(ligand) superfamily, member 13b(TNFSF13B/TALL-1/BAFF), and to lead to NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK activation. This receptor also binds to various TRAF family members, and thus may transduce signals for cell survival and proliferation.

BAFF was regularly detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in brain tissue lysates and in normal spinal fluid, and in astrocytes by double fluorescence microscopy. BAFF was localized in astrocytes close to BAFF-R-expressing immune cells. BAFF receptors were strongly expressed in situ in primary central nervous system(CNS) lymphomas.1 The TNF superfamily member B cell-activating factor(BAFF) plays an important role in humoral immunity and in autoimmune diseases, including RA. Local BAFF gene targeting inhibited proinflammatory cytokine expression, suppressed generation of plasma cells and Th17 cells, and markedly ameliorated joint pathology.2 The B cell activating factor BAFF(BlyS/TALL-1/zTNF4) is a tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-related ligand that promotes B cell survival and binds to three receptors(BCMA, TACI, and the recently described BAFF-R).3 Human BAFF was mapped to chromosome 13q32-34.4 The standard used in this kit is recombinant soluble human BAFF(A134-L295) with the molec

B-cell activating factor(BAFF) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFLSF13B gene.1,2 BAFF is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B/TACI, TNFRSF17/BCMA, and TNFRSF13C/BAFFR. This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. It has been also shown to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells.3All these ligands act as heterotrimers(i.e. three of the same molecule) interacting with heterotrimeric receptors4, although BAFF has been known to be active as either a hetero- or homotrimer.5 The standard used in this kit is recombinant mouse soluble BAFF(A127-L309) with molecular weight 23.2KDa.