Lipids

Isoprenoids and isoprenols are key metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis of steroids including cholesterol and hormones that regulate human reproduction or fertility and posttranslational modifications of proteins in signal transduction pathways for cell division and regulation of vesicular trafficking. Farnesol is an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol and the 2E 6E-isomer being the most common in nature. 2Z 6E-Farnesol is a metabolite in the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis formed by farnesol 2-isomerase from 2E 6E-farnesol.

Sphingosine is formed through ceramidase catalyzed hydrolysis of ceramide. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (IC50 = 1-3 μM). Sphingosine is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate. Sphingosine-Cyanine5 is labeled with the red-shifted Cy5 dye for measurement and imaging with 646 nm excitation.Excitation/Emission: 646/662 nm

Phosphoinositides (PIPns) are minor components of cellular membranes but are integral signaling molecules for cellular communication. Phosphatidylinositol (PI or PtdIns) is biosynthesized from CDP-diacylglycerol and inositol by phosphatidylinositol synthase. PI is the building block for phosphoinositide polyphosphates through phosphorylation by PI-kinases and is a substrate for PI-PLC yielding diacylgelycerol. This analog is deuterated at the glycerol.

Phosphoinositides (PIPns) are minor components of cellular membranes but are integral signaling molecules for cellular communication. Phosphatidylinositol 3 4 5-trisphosphate (PIP3) formed from PI(4 5)P2 though phosphorylation by PI 3-kinase activates numerous signaling pathways resulting in cell proliferation growth survival glucose transport and protein synthesis. High PIP3 levels from dysregulation of PI3-K have been demonstrated in cancer and inflammatory diseases. PIP3 is hydrolyzed by the phosphatases PTEN to PI(4 5)P2 and SHIP to PI(3 4)P2. This analog is deuterated at the glycerol.

Phosphoinositides (PIPns) are minor components of cellular membranes but are integral signaling molecules for cellular communication. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) is the biosynthetic precursor to PI(4 5)P2 and has an important roles in regulating sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipid metabolism and membrane trafficking at the exit of the Golgi complex. This analog is deuterated at the glycerol.

Phosphoinositides (PIPns) are minor components of cellular membranes but are integral signaling molecules for cellular communication. Phosphatidylinositol 4 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) has been shown to play a central role in a variety of cellular functions. Amongst its many functions PIP2 is a substrate for Phospholipase C-coupled G-protein pathways involved in intracellular calcium release in several tissues and is a substrate for class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K). This analog is deuterated at the glycerol.

BP Lipid 102 is an ionizable lipid used to prepare lipid nanoparitlcels (LNPs). The lipid has ethanolamine as a lipid head group which enhances the mRNA encapsulation and provides exceptional physiochemical properties. Both esters of the lipid are at the C6 position relative to the amine. The lipid can be used for mRNA delivery. Reagent grade, for research purpose.

1,2-Epoxyhexadecane is a chemical reagent featuring an epoxy group on a C16 chain. The epoxy group undergoes ring opening in the presence of nucleophiles to form a branched structure containing a secondary alcohol. Compounds such as this may be used as intermediates in building lipids for use in lipid nanoparticles.

1,2-Epoxytetradecane is a chemical reagent featuring an epoxy group on a C14 chain. The epoxy group undergoes ring opening in the presence of nucleophiles to form a branched structure containing a secondary alcohol. Compounds such as this may be used as intermediates in building lipids for use in lipid nanoparticles.