ELISA Kits

HER2/neu(also known as ErbB-2) stands for "Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2" and is a protein giving higher aggressiveness in breast cancers. It is a member of the ErbB protein family, more commonly known as the epidermal growth factor receptor family. HER2/neu has also been designated as CD340(cluster of differentiation 340) and p185. It is encoded by the ERBB2 gene.HER2 is a cell membrane surface-bound receptor tyrosine kinase and is normally involved in the signal transduction pathways leading to cell growth and differentiation. It is encoded within the genome by HER2/neu, a known proto-oncogene. HER2 is thought to be an orphan receptor, with none of the EGF family of ligands able to activate it. However, ErbB receptors dimerise on ligand binding, and HER2 is the preferential dimerisation partner of other members of the ErbB family.1 The HER2 gene is a proto-oncogene located at the long arm of human chromosome 17(17q21-q22)2.

Alpha2-HS glycoprotein(AHSG), also known as fetuin-A, is a plasma protein displaying high-affinity interaction with calcium phosphate, by which ectopic vascular calcification is prevented. The AHSG polymorphism is attributable to the hereditary variation of AHSG and phosphate serum levels, which may affect skeletal development and chronic disorders such as vascular calcification.1Human plasma protein alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein(AHSG) is composed of two polypeptide chains, A and B, encoded by a single mRNA. Southern blot analysis of mouse x human somatic cell hybrids has mapped the AHSG gene to human chromosome 3 in the region 3q21----qter. Using a recombinant plasmid containing a 1,538 bp insert spanning the entire AHSG coding region, AHSG was localized to chromosomal bands 3q27----q29 by in situ hybridization.2

Galectin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS1 gene. The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. LGALS1 may act as an autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation. Baldini et al. stated that the mouse beta-galactoside-binding protein is an autocrine regulator of cell proliferation with a role in the maintenance of G0 and in the control of G2 traverse. They found that galectin-1 was expressed in a subset of slowly dividing subventricular zone astrocytes, which included the neural stem cells. Intraventricular infusion experiments and phenotypic analysis of knockout mice showed that galectin-1 was an endogenous factor that promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells in adult mouse brain. The standard product used in this kit is recombinant mouse GALECTIN-1, Ala2-Glu135, with the molecular mass of 15KDa.

Galectin-3(GAL3), also known as LGALS3, MAC2 or GALBP, is a member of the lectin family, of which 14 mammalian galectins have been identified. Galectin-3 is encoded by a single gene, LGALS3, located on chromosome 14, locus q21–q22. It is expressed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, cell surface, and extracellular space. Studies have also shown that the expression of galectin-3 is implicated in a variety of processes associated with heart failure, including myofibroblast proliferation, fibrogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, and Ventricular remodeling. Galectin-3 is expressed in various tissues and organs, but is significantly absent in normal hepatocytes.

Galectin-3(GAL3), also known as LGALS3, MAC2 or GALBP, is a member of the lectin family, of which 14 mammalian galectins have been identified. Galectin-3 is encoded by a single gene, LGALS3, located on chromosome 14, locus q21–q22. It is expressed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, cell surface, and extracellular space. Studies have also shown that the expression of galectin-3 is implicated in a variety of processes associated with heart failure, including myofibroblast proliferation, fibrogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, and Ventricular remodeling. Galectin-3 is expressed in various tissues and organs, but is significantly absent in normal hepatocytes.

The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R), also known as CD114 (Cluster of Differentiation 114), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSF3R gene. It is mapped to 1p35-p34.3. G-CSF-R is a cell-surface receptor for the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). And the G-CSF-R is a transmembrane receptor that consists of an extracellular ligand-binding portion, a transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic portion that is responsible for signal transduction. In addition, GCSF-R ligand-binding is associated with dimerization of the receptor and signal transduction through proteins including Jak, Lyn, STAT, andErk1/2.

GDF-15(Growth differentiation factor 15),also known as TGF-PL, MIC-1, PDF, PLAB, and PTGFB, is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that has a role in regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in injured tissues and during disease processes. Using FISH, the MIC1 gene is mapped to 19p13.2-p13.1. Its expression in liver can be significantly up-regulated in during injury of organs such as liver, kidney, heart and lung. GDF15 showed increased expression and secretion during erythroblast maturation. GDF15 functions as an anti-inflammatory cytokine by directly interfering with chemokine signaling and integrin activation.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18(TNFRSF18), also called GITR or AITR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF18 gene. This gene is mapped to 1p36.33. This gene encodes a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The encoded receptor has been shown to have increased expression upon T-cell activation, and it is thought to play a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. Knockout studies in mice also suggest the role of this receptor is in the regulation of CD3-driven T-cell activation and programmed cell death. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18(TNFRSF18), also called GITR or AITR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF18 gene. This gene is mapped to 1p36.33. This gene encodes a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The encoded receptor has been shown to have increased expression upon T-cell activation, and it is thought to play a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. Knockout studies in mice also suggest the role of this receptor is in the regulation of CD3-driven T-cell activation and programmed cell death. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.