ELISA Kits

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MIF gene.1, 2 This gene is located to human chromosome 22q11.2.3 It is remarkably small; it has 3 exons separated by introns of only 189 and 95 bp, and covers less than 1 kb.4 This gene encodes a lymphokine that may be involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation.5 MIF plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. This lymphokine and the JAB1 protein might form a complex in the cytosol near the peripheral plasma membrane, which may possibly indicate a role in integrin signaling pathways. MIF also plays a central role in the toxic response to endotoxemia and possibly septic shock. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor has been reported to interact with COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5, CD74, BNIPL, and CXCR4.

Macrophage Stimulating 1(SMT1), also known as Hepatocyte growth factor-like protein(HGFL) and MSP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MST1 gene. The HGFL gene was identified at the DNF15S2 locus on human chromosome 3(3p21). The RON tyrosine kinase), the receptor for MSP, is expressed on the ciliated epithelia of the mucociliary transport apparatus of the lung. Furthermore, MSP stimulated ciliary motility in these cells by activating RON.

Prostate-specific antigen(PSA), also known as kallikrein III, seminin, semenogelase, gamma-seminoprotein and P-30 antigen) is a 34 kD glycoprotein manufactured almost exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen in the seminal coagulum and allows sperm to swim freely.1It is also believed to be instrumental in dissolving the cervical mucous cap, allowing the entry of sperm.2It is a serine protease enzyme, the gene of which is located on the nineteenth chromosome(19q13).3

Kallikrein gene 5(KLK5, also known as KLK-L2), located on chromosome 19q13.4, is one of the newly identified members of the kallikrein gene family, which is a subgroup of the serine protease enzyme family. In normal human tissues, KLK5 is highly expressed in skin, mammary gland and testis. KLK5 has been suggested to regulate cell shedding(desquamation) in conjunction with KLK7 and KLK14, given its ability to degrade proteins which form the extracellular component of cell junctions in the stratum corneum. It is proposed that KLK5 regulates this process since it is able to self-activate in addition to activating KLK7 and KLK14.

KLK6(Kallikrein-related peptidase 6), also called KALLIKREIN 6, NEUROSIN, PROTEASE M, ZYME or PRSS9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK6 gene. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. The encoded enzyme is regulated by steroid hormones. Northern blot analysis revealed that the PRSS9 mRNA was expressed in several primary tumors and cell lines from mammary, prostate, and ovarian cancers, but was not detected in any metastases of these cancers. The KLK6 gene is mapped on 19q13.41. In tissue culture, the enzyme has been found to generate amyloidogenic fragments from the amyloid precursor protein, suggesting a potential for involvement in Alzheimer's disease. Upon cellular stress, neurosin was released from mitochondria to the cytosol, which resulted in the increase of degraded alpha-synuclein species. Neurosin may play a significant role in physiologic alpha-synuclein degradation and also in the pathogenesis of synuc

Kallikrein-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK8 gene. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Alternate splicing of this gene results in four transcript variants encoding four different isoforms. The isoforms exhibit distinct patterns of expression that suggest roles in brain plasticity and ovarian cancer.

Keratinocyte growth factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor(FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein is a potent epithelial cell-specific growth factor, whose mitogenic activity is predominantly exhibited in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Studies of mouse and rat homologs of this gene implicated roles in morphogenesis of epithelium, reepithelialization of wounds, hair development and early lung organogenesis.

C-X-C motif chemokine 5 is a protein that in humans encoded by the CXCL5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78(ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II interferon IFN-gamma. This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils possessing angiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2. The gene for CXCL5 is encoded on four exons and is located on human chromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes. CXCL5 has been implicated in connective tissue remodeling. CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity to sunburn pain in some subjects, and is a potential target which can be utilized to understan

LOX-1(lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1) also known as OLR1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1 gene. LOX-1 is a receptor protein which belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. The LOX1 gene is mapped to 12p13-p12 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. LOX1 is expressed on the plasma membrane of differentiated macrophages, but not on monocytes. The LOX1 protein acts as a macrophage scavenger receptor. LOX1 expression was detected in all choroidal neovascular membranes, regardless of structure, whereas there was no evidence of LOX1 within the posterior segments of normal eyes. LOX1 plays an active role in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization, especially in ARMD.