ELISA Kits

Diablo homolog, mitochondrial, also known as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases(SMAC), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIABLO gene(direct IAP binding protein with low pI). It is mapped to 12q24.31. DIABLO can bind mammalian IAP homolog A(MIHA, or API3) and can also interact with MIHB, MIHC, and OpIAP, the baculoviral IAP. This gene encodes an inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP)-binding protein. The encoded mitochondrial protein enters the cytosol when cells undergo apoptosis, and allows activation of caspases by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Over expression of the encoded protein sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis. A mutation in this gene is associated with young-adult onset of nonsyndromic deafness-64.

TFPI (Tissue factor pathway inhibitor),also known as EPI, LACI or TFPI1, is a single-chain polypeptide which can reversibly inhibit Factor Xa (Xa) and Thrombin(Factor IIa). The gene for TFPI is located on chromosome 2q31-q32.1, and has nine exons which span 70 kb. TFPI consists of a highly negatively-charged amino-terminus, three tandemly-linked Kunitz domains, and a highly positively-charged carboxy-terminus. TFPI contributes significantly to the inhibition of Xa in vivo, despite being present at concentrations of only 2.5 nM.

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11(TNFSF11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11 gene. This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. This gene is mapped to chromosome13q14.11. Targeted disruption of the related gene in mice led to severe osteopetrosis and a lack of osteoclasts. The deficient mice exhibited defects in early differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and failed to form lobulo-alveolar mammary structures during pregnancy. This gene may play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11(TNFSF11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11 gene. This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. This gene is mapped to chromosome13q14.11. Targeted disruption of the related gene in mice led to severe osteopetrosis and a lack of osteoclasts. The deficient mice exhibited defects in early differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and failed to form lobulo-alveolar mammary structures during pregnancy. This gene may play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Trem1, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, is encoded by Trem1 gene. The expression of Trem1 is in monocytes and neutrophils but not in lymphocytes, dendritic cells, or other cell types. Trem1 is a 30-kD glycoprotein that is reduced to 26 kD by deglycosylation, in agreement with the predicted molecular mass. The Trem1 gene which contains 4 exons maps to chromosome 6p21.1, within a TREM gene cluster and the mouse Trem1 gene maps to chromosome 17 in a region that shows homology of synteny to human chromosome 6. The expression of Trem1 is upregulated by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS), gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Cross-linking of Trem1 on neutrophils induces interleukin-8(IL8) and myeloperoxidase secretion, while cross-linking on monocytes induces not only secretion of IL8 but also of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP1, or SCYA2) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF); MCP1 and TNF secretion could be further upregulated by LPS-mediated priming. Trem1 engagement also

Tropomyosin receptor kinase A(TrkA) are efficacious in attenuating skeletal pain.1 TrkA mutants were able to activate signaling cascades and were even more efficient in promoting neurite outgrowth than the wild-type receptor.2 TrkA is part of a sub-family of protein kinases which includes TrkB and TrkC. Also, there are other neurotrophic factors structurally related to NGF: BDNF(for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor), NT-3(for Neurotrophin-3) and NT-4(for Neurotrophin-4). While TrkA mediates the effects of NGF, TrkB is bound and activated by BDNF, NT-4, and NT-3. Further, TrkC binds and is activated by NT-3.3 TrkA receptor was found in kehumanoconus-affected corneas, along with an increased level of repressor isoform of Sp3 transcription factor.4

Tropomyosin receptor kinase A(TrkA) are efficacious in attenuating skeletal pain.1 TrkA mutants were able to activate signaling cascades and were even more efficient in promoting neurite outgrowth than the wild-type receptor.2 TrkA is part of a sub-family of protein kinases which includes TrkB and TrkC. Also, there are other neurotrophic factors structurally related to NGF: BDNF(for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor), NT-3(for Neurotrophin-3) and NT-4(for Neurotrophin-4). While TrkA mediates the effects of NGF, TrkB is bound and activated by BDNF, NT-4, and NT-3. Further, TrkC binds and is activated by NT-3.3 TrkA receptor was found in keratoconus-affected corneas, along with an increased level of repressor isoform of Sp3 transcription factor.4 The standard product used in this kit is extracellular part(A33-P418) of recombinant rat TRKA, consisting of 386 amino acids with the molecular weight of 69KDa.

TrkB receptor also known as TrkB tyrosine kinase or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK2 gene.[1] TrkB is the high affinity catalytic receptor for several "neurotrophins", which are small protein growth factors that induce the survival and differentiation of distinct cell populations. The TrkB receptor is part of the large family of receptor tyrosine kinases. A "tyrosine kinase" is an enzyme which is capable of adding a phosphate group to certain tyrosines on target proteins, or "substrates".Soppet et al. [2] demonstrated that the gp145 gene product of the TRKB gene is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon exposure to BDNF and NTF3. The standard product used in this kit is recombinant TrkB, a 49.5KDa glycoprotein, C32—H439.

Myeloperoxidase(MPO) is a mammalian phagocyte hemoprotein thought to primarily mediate host defense reactions. It is abundantly expressed in neutrophils and secreted during their activation. Myeloperoxidase is part of the host defense system of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, responsible for microbicidal activity against a wide range of organisms. It is located in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm. Intranuclear MPO may help to protect DNA against damage resulting from oxygen radicals produced during myeloid cell maturation and function. The standard product used in this kit is the product of gene recombination, consisting of 697(A49-S745) amino acids with the molecular mass of 80KDa.