Click Chemistry

AMCA azide for сlick сhemistry conjugation with terminal alkynes via a copper-catalyzed click reaction or strained cyclooctynes via a copper-free click reaction. AMCA (aminomethylcoumarin acetate) is one of the brightest blue fluorescent dyes. This fluorophore has a relatively large Stoke’s shift, high resistance to photobleaching, and pH-independent fluorescence from pH 4 to 10. AMCA is a widely used fluorophore for multiple-color labeling due to its minimal fluorescence overlap with green- and longer wavelength-emitting fluorescent dyes.

Cyanine3B azide for сlick сhemistry conjugation with terminal alkynes via a copper-catalyzed click reaction or strained cyclooctynes via a copper-free click reaction. Cyanine3B is a yellow-emitting cyanine dye that is an improved version of the Cyanine3 fluorophore with significantly higher fluorescence quantum yield and photostability. Due to the fixed conformation, Cyanine3B has the highest emission quantum yield compared to other dyes of this wavelength. This is a non-sulfonated dye that requires an organic co-solvent (DMF, DMSO, or other) for efficient labeling in water.

Phenylethynylpyrene (PEP) fluorophore is a polyaromatic hydrocarbon label with high sensitivity to microenvironment. Similarly to pyrene, PEP dye readily forms excimers. However, PEP fluorescence is more red-shifted PEP can be used as microenvironment probe, and as a label for assays based on excimer formation. This reagent contains triethyleneglycol linker to facilitate dissolution of non-polar PEP dye in organo-aqueous labeling reaction mixtures. With this azide, and click chemistry, it is easy to turn any molecule bearing alkyne into PEP-labeled probe.

ROX azide is an alkyne-reactive derivative of ROX (Rhodamine X, Rhodamine 101) dye. ROX is a red-emitting fluorophore possessing high brightness and fluorescence quantum yield. This reagent is a pure 6-isomer. It is used for labeling alkyne and cycloalkyne-containing biomolecules via copper-catalyzed and copper-free click chemistry reactions. This reagent is presented as a solid form and as a 10 mM solution in DMSO.

SIMA (dichloro-diphenyl-fluorescein) is a dye with spectral properties similar to HEX but with a higher quantum yield. SIMA azide is used to produce fluorescently labeled primers and hybridization probes for quantitative PCR. Oligonucleotides with a SIMA label can be easily generated via azide-alkyne cycloaddition between SIMA azide and alkyne-containing oligonucleotide.

TET (tetrachlorofluorescein) is a green-fluorescent fluorescein derivate with absorption maximum at 519 nm and emission maximum at 535 nm. TET is spectrally similar to R6G, JOE, and VIC, widely used for labeling PCR probes. Oligonucleotides labeled with TET are often used in real-time PCR; the preparation of such oligonucleotides can be performed using click chemistry. This derivative is an azide, a pure 6-isomer, for conjugating TET to other molecules by copper-catalyzed and copper-free click reactions.

Azide derivative of red fluorescent dye TR (Texas Red, sulforhodamine 101 acid chloride) for сlick сhemistry conjugation with terminal alkynes via a copper-catalyzed click reaction or strained cyclooctynes via a copper-free click reaction. TR is a red-fluorescent dye used for cell staining, fluorescence microscopy applications, and cell sorting with fluorescent-activated cell sorting machines. Texas Red is also commonly used in molecular biology, mainly quantitative RT-PCR and cellular assays.

Alkyne derivative of BP Fluor 488 dye for copper-catalyzed cycloaddition to azides (CuAAC). BP Fluor 488 alkyne is used for fluorescent labeling of azidated biomolecules, polymers, and surfaces. BP Fluor 488 is sulfonated rhodamine, a bright, photostable, and hydrophilic fluorophore that emits in the green channel (absorption max. is at 495 nm, emission max. is at 519 nm).

BP Fluor 568 alkyne derivate is an effective tool for labeling purposes. It is easily detected in the ROX channel with a high signal-to-noise ratio in different biological samples. Besides, BP Fluor 568 alkyne is water soluble and insensitive to pH changes between pH 4 and pH 10. Mild reaction conditions are suitable for most biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Bioconjugation with BP Fluor 568 alkyne presents a powerful technique for the production of fluorescently labeled biomolecules. BP Fluor 568 alkyne is recommended for visualization procedures, including fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and other applications where label brightness and photostability are required.