ELISA

Antibody Starter Pack contains key reagents necessary to perform ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, and Immunofluorescence. Included are antibodies suitable for ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent microscopy, and western blotting. Antibody Starter Pack contains Conjugated Secondary Antibodies, ECL Substrate, Blocking Solution, and Monoclonal Anti-FLAG antibody.

The NF-kB/Rel family of transcription factors is comprised of several structurally related proteins that form homodimers and heterodimers and include p50/p105, p52/p100, RelA (p65), c-Rel/NF-kB [1]. Members of this family are responsible for regulating over 150 target genes, including the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, immunoreceptors and cell adhesion molecules. Because of this, NF-kB has often been called a ‘central mediator of the human immune response' [2]. Acting as dimers, these transcription factors bind to DNA sequences, collectively called kB, sites thereby regulating expression of target genes. In most cells, Rel/ NF-kB transcription complexes are present in an inactive form in the cytoplasm, bound to an inhibitor IkB. Certain stimuli result in the phosphorylation, ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of IkB proteins thereby enabling translocation of NF-kB into the nucleus [3]. The most common Rel/NF-kB dimer in mammals contains p50-RelA (p50/p65)

The NF-kB/Rel family of transcription factors is comprised of several structurally related proteins that form homodimers and heterodimers and include p50/p105, p52/p100, RelA (p65), c-Rel/NF-kB [1]. Members of this family are responsible for regulating over 150 target genes, including the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, immunoreceptors and cell adhesion molecules. Because of this, NF-kB has often been called a ‘central mediator of the human immune response' [2]. Acting as dimers, these transcription factors bind to DNA sequences, collectively called kB, sites thereby regulating expression of target genes. In most cells, Rel/ NF-kB transcription complexes are present in an inactive form in the cytoplasm, bound to an inhibitor IkB. Certain stimuli result in the phosphorylation, ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of IkB proteins thereby enabling translocation of NF-kB into the nucleus [3]. The most common Rel/NF-kB dimer in mammals contains p50-RelA (p50/p65)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant protein in the serum which accounts for 75% of the total immunoglobulins in the plasma of healthy individuals. IgG is a major effector molecule of the humoral immune response in humans and provides defense against parasitic invasion. IgG molecules (Fc portion) react with Fc-gamma receptors that are present on the surfaces of macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and can activate the complement system. IgG is produced in a delayed response to an infection and can be retained in the body for a long time. IgG is the major class of the five classes of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE) in human beings. These closely related glycoproteins, composed of 82–96% protein and 4–18% carbohydrate, differ in heavy chain structure and have unique profile with respect to antigen binding, immune complex formation, complement activation, triggering of effector cells and placental transport. IgG can be further divided into four subclasses,

IgM (immunoglobulin M) is the is the third most abundant and largest antibody in the human circulatory system. IgM is expressed on the surface of immature and mature B cells as a monomer and is expressed in a secreted form as a pentamer with very high avidity. IgM is the first human immunoglobulin to appear in response to initial exposure to an antigen and eliminates pathogens in the early stages of B cell-mediated (humoral) immunity before there is sufficient IgG. IgM is a strong complement activator and agglutinator due to its pentameric structure and binds fragment crystallization (Fc) receptors. IgM has a molecular mass of approximately 970 kDa in its pentamer form with ten binding sites. Typically, however, IgM cannot bind 10 antigens at the same time because the large size of most antigens hampers binding to neighboring sites. IgM antibodies do not pass across the human placenta. IgM antibodies are very useful in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. The presence of IgM antibodie

Activin A is a homodimer of 14kDa beta-A. Activin A, a cytokine member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is expressed locally by the mesenchymal component of the hemopoietic microenvironment. Its expression is regulated on the mRNA level by different cytokines, and the biological activity of the protein is tightly controlled by several inhibitory molecules. Inhibins and activins are members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and are known to modulate the growth and differentiation of several cell types. Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. I

Activin A is a homodimer of 14kDa beta-A. Activin A, a cytokine member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is expressed locally by the mesenchymal component of the hemopoietic microenvironment. Its expression is regulated on the mRNA level by different cytokines, and the biological activity of the protein is tightly controlled by several inhibitory molecules. Inhibins and activins are members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and are known to modulate the growth and differentiation of several cell types. Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. I

Activin A is a homodimer of 14kDa beta-A. Activin A, a cytokine member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is expressed locally by the mesenchymal component of the hemopoietic microenvironment. Its expression is regulated on the mRNA level by different cytokines, and the biological activity of the protein is tightly controlled by several inhibitory molecules. Inhibins and activins are members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and are known to modulate the growth and differentiation of several cell types. Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. I

Amphiregulin, also known as AREG, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AREG gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. This gene is mapped to 4q13.1. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, fibroblasts. Amphiregulin is related to epidermal growth factor(EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha(TGF-alpha). This protein interacts with the Epidermal growth factor receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells. It has been found that transgene integration and subsequent expression of Amphiregulin in basal keratinocytes correlated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype, and its expression was increased in parallel with typical Th2 cytokines. Amphiregulin is also an important paracrine mediator of estrogen function specifically required for puberty-induced ductal elongation but not for any earlier or later developmental stages, and it can enhance resistance to nematodes.