Cell Line

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. The formation of the PD-1 receptor / PD-L1 or B7.1 receptor /PD-L1 ligand complex transmits an inhibitory signal which reduces the proliferation of these CD8+ T cells at the lymph nodes. PD-1 is also able to control the accumulation of foreign antigen specific T cells in the lymph nodes through apoptosis, which is further mediated by a lower regulation of the gene Bcl-2.

Cluster of Differentiation 80 (also CD80 and B7-1) is a protein found on activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival. It is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: CD28 (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and CTLA-4 (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation). CD80 works in tandem with CD86 to prime T cells.

Programmed cell death protein 1, also known as PD-1 and CD279 (cluster of differentiation 279), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCD1 gene.PD-1, functioning as an immune checkpoint, plays an important role in down regulating the immune system by preventing the activation of T-cells, which in turn reduces autoimmunity and promotes self-tolerance. The inhibitory effect of PD-1 is accomplished through a dual mechanism of promoting apoptosis (programmed cell death) in antigen specific T-cells in lymph nodes while simultaneously reducing apoptosis in regulatory T cells (suppressor T cells).

CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD⁴⁺, CD⁸⁺, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling. In humans, the CD38 protein is encoded by the CD38 gene which is located on chromosome 4. CD38 is a multifunctional ectoenzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD⁺to ADP-ribose. These reaction products are essential for the regulation of intracellular Ca²⁺.

HEK293/Gα15 is a HEK293 cell line stably expressing the Gα15 alpha subunit protein which a Gq protein.  It is used as a host cell for transfection expression of Gs and Gi/o -coupled receptors, the constitutively expressed Gα15 protein in the cells allows many transfected receptors which normally stimulate/inhibit the cAMP pathway, to couple to Gq signal transduction and mobilize intracellular calcium.  The cell line carries the puromycin resistance gene and is resistant to puromycin

CXCR4 is a receptor for the C-X-C chemokine SDF-1 (Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1). It is involved in haematopoiesis and cardiac ventricular septum formation, and plays an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, cerebellar development and survival of hippocampal-neuron of central nerve system. CXCR4 also acts as a primary receptor for some HIV-2 isolates and as a co-receptor with CD4 for HIV-1 X4 viruses.

Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a class of protein which interact with and modulate the activities of several Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors including the receptors for secretin, calcitonin (CT), glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).There are three distinct types of RAMPs, designated RAMP1, RAMP2, and RAMP3, each encoded by a separate gene. Currently the function of RAMPs is divided into 2 class activities. Association of RAMPs with either the CT or CALCRL proteins forms 6 different receptors from the calcitonin receptor family. When associated with the Calcitonin receptor (CTR) or Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL), RAMPs can change the selectivity of the receptor for a specific hormone. In the cases of the other receptors mentioned however, there is no evidence that they can do this, but instead function to regulate trafficking of receptors from the ER / golgi to the membrane. GenScript's cloned human AMY1–expressing cell line is generated in

Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a class of protein which interact with and modulate the activities of several Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors including the receptors for secretin, calcitonin (CT), glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).There are three distinct types of RAMPs, designated RAMP1, RAMP2, and RAMP3, each encoded by a separate gene. Currently the function of RAMPs is divided into 2 class activities. Association of RAMPs with either the CT or CALCR proteins forms 6 different receptors from the calcitonin receptor family. When associated with the Calcitonin receptor (CTR) or Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) RAMPs can change the selectivity of the receptor for a specific hormone. In the cases of the other receptors mentioned however, there is no evidence that they can do this, but instead function to regulate trafficking of receptors from the ER / golgi to the membrane. GenScript's cloned human AMY2 (RAMP2 + CALCR)–expressing cell line is g

Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a class of protein which interact with and modulate the activities of several Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors including the receptors for secretin, calcitonin (CT), glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).There are three distinct types of RAMPs, designated RAMP1, RAMP2, and RAMP3, each encoded by a separate gene. Currently the function of RAMPs is divided into 2 class activities. Association of RAMPs with either the CT or CALCRL proteins forms 6 different receptors from the calcitonin receptor family. When associated with the Calcitonin receptor (CTR) or Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) RAMPs can change the selectivity of the receptor for a specific hormone. In the cases of the other receptors mentioned however, there is no evidence that they can do this, but instead function to regulate trafficking of receptors from the ER / golgi to the membrane. GenScript's cloned human AMY3–expressing cell line is generated in the