ELISA

The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R), also known as CD114 (Cluster of Differentiation 114), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSF3R gene. It is mapped to 1p35-p34.3. G-CSF-R is a cell-surface receptor for the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). And the G-CSF-R is a transmembrane receptor that consists of an extracellular ligand-binding portion, a transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic portion that is responsible for signal transduction. In addition, GCSF-R ligand-binding is associated with dimerization of the receptor and signal transduction through proteins including Jak, Lyn, STAT, andErk1/2.

GDF-15(Growth differentiation factor 15),also known as TGF-PL, MIC-1, PDF, PLAB, and PTGFB, is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that has a role in regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in injured tissues and during disease processes. Using FISH, the MIC1 gene is mapped to 19p13.2-p13.1. Its expression in liver can be significantly up-regulated in during injury of organs such as liver, kidney, heart and lung. GDF15 showed increased expression and secretion during erythroblast maturation. GDF15 functions as an anti-inflammatory cytokine by directly interfering with chemokine signaling and integrin activation.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18(TNFRSF18), also called GITR or AITR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF18 gene. This gene is mapped to 1p36.33. This gene encodes a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The encoded receptor has been shown to have increased expression upon T-cell activation, and it is thought to play a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. Knockout studies in mice also suggest the role of this receptor is in the regulation of CD3-driven T-cell activation and programmed cell death. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18(TNFRSF18), also called GITR or AITR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF18 gene. This gene is mapped to 1p36.33. This gene encodes a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. The encoded receptor has been shown to have increased expression upon T-cell activation, and it is thought to play a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells. Knockout studies in mice also suggest the role of this receptor is in the regulation of CD3-driven T-cell activation and programmed cell death. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

HBEGF(Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor), also known as HEGFL or DTR, is a member of the EGF family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the HBEGF gene. The HBEGF gene is assigned to chromosome 5, thus confirming the assignment of the gene on the basis of its role in relation to diphtheria toxin susceptibility. HB-EGF is an 87 amino acid glycoprotein which displays highly regulated gene expression. It has been shown to play a role in wound healing, cardiac hypertrophy and heart development and function. HB-EGF binding and activation of EGF receptors plays a critical role during cardiac valve tissue development and the maintenance of normal heart function in adults.

IGF1R, also called IGFR or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, is a protein that found on the surface of human cells. This gene is mapped to 15q26.3. IGF1R belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. This receptor mediates the effects of IGF-1, which is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. It plays an important role in growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults - meaning that it can induce hypertrophy of skeletal muscle and other target tissues. IGF1R also plays a critical role in transformation events. It is highly overexpressed in most malignant tissues where it functions as an anti-apoptotic agent by enhancing cell survival.

IL6R alpha(IL6RA) also known as CD126 or IL6R, is a type I cytokine receptor. The IL6 receptor is a protein complex consisting of a IL-6 receptor subunit(IL6R) and interleukin 6 signal transducer Glycoprotein 130. IL6R also denotes the human gene encoding this subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. IL6R subunit is also shared by many other cytokines. Interleukin-6 receptor has been shown to interact with Interleukin 6 and Ciliary neurotrophic factor. Ligand binding did not appear to affect IL6R dimerization status. IL6R dimerization occurs both on the cell surface and in solution.

IL-7 a hematopoietic growth factor secreted by stromal cells in the red marrow and thymus. It is also produced by keratinocytes,1 dendritic cells,2 hepatocytes,3 neurons, and endothelial cells4. Interleukin 7(IL7) is a protein5 that in humans is encoded by the IL7 gene.6, 7, 8Knockout studies in mice suggested that this cytokine plays an essential role in lymphoid cell survival.9 IL-7 is a cytokine important for B and T cell development. This cytokine and the hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) form a heterodimer that functions as a pre-pro-B cell growth-stimulating factor. This cytokine is found to be a cofactor for V(D)J rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta(TCRB) during early T cell development.

Interleukin 7(IL7) is a protein that is encoded by the IL7 gene in humans. The gene for human interleukin 7(IL7) maps to chromosome 8 by Southern analysis of a somatic cell hybrid panel and to 8q12-q13 by in situ hybridization.1IL-7 is essential for survival and expansion of pathogenic T helper type 17(T(H)17) cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).2