ELISA

Kallikrein-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK8 gene. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Alternate splicing of this gene results in four transcript variants encoding four different isoforms. The isoforms exhibit distinct patterns of expression that suggest roles in brain plasticity and ovarian cancer.

Keratinocyte growth factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor(FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein is a potent epithelial cell-specific growth factor, whose mitogenic activity is predominantly exhibited in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Studies of mouse and rat homologs of this gene implicated roles in morphogenesis of epithelium, reepithelialization of wounds, hair development and early lung organogenesis.

C-X-C motif chemokine 5 is a protein that in humans encoded by the CXCL5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78(ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II interferon IFN-gamma. This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils possessing angiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2. The gene for CXCL5 is encoded on four exons and is located on human chromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes. CXCL5 has been implicated in connective tissue remodeling. CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity to sunburn pain in some subjects, and is a potential target which can be utilized to understan

LOX-1(lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1) also known as OLR1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1 gene. LOX-1 is a receptor protein which belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. The LOX1 gene is mapped to 12p13-p12 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. LOX1 is expressed on the plasma membrane of differentiated macrophages, but not on monocytes. The LOX1 protein acts as a macrophage scavenger receptor. LOX1 expression was detected in all choroidal neovascular membranes, regardless of structure, whereas there was no evidence of LOX1 within the posterior segments of normal eyes. LOX1 plays an active role in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization, especially in ARMD.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1(Ox-LDL receptor 1) also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1(LOX-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1 gene. It belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. The LOX1 gene is mapped to 12p13-p12. The protein has got the amino acids of 363. It can be detected in various tissues, highly expressed in placenta. This protein may be involved in the regulation of Fas-induced apoptosis and play a role as a scavenger receptor. The standards of this kit are recombinant mouse LOX-1(R60-I363), with molecular weight of 36.3kDa.

RAGE, the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts, is a 35kD transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin super family. It is also known as “AGER”. AGER gene is mapped to chromosome 6p21.3 by mapping by contiguous cosmids and YAC clones and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The expression of RAGE is particularly increased in neurons close to deposits of amyloid beta peptide and to neurofibrillary tangles. RAGE has been linked to several chronic diseases, which are thought to result from vascular damage. The pathogenesis is hypothesized to include ligand binding upon which RAGE signals activation of the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kappaB).

Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B(RANK), also known as TRANCE Receptor, is a type I membrane protein that is expressed on the surface of osteoclasts and is involved in their activation upon ligand binding. RANK is a recently described TNF receptor family member, and its ligand, RANKL, promote survival of dendritic cells and differentiation of osteoclasts. RANK contains 383 amino acids in its intracellular domain(residues 234-616), which contain three putative TRAF-binding domains(termed I, II, and III). RANK interacts with various TRAFs through distinct motifs and activates NF-kappaB via a novel TRAF6 interaction motif, which then activates NIK, thus leading to NF-kappaB activation, whereas RANK most likely activates JNK through a TRAF2-interacting region in RANK.

Retinol binding protein 4, plasma, also known as RBP4, belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol(vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. It is protein that in humans is encoded by the RBP4 gene. RBP4 gene resides just centromeric of the cluster of CYP2C genes on 10q24. The mouse Rbp4 locus is closely linked and just proximal to the locus for phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450-2c(Cyp-2c) at the distal end of chromosome 19. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein post translationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells. The standard used in this kit is recombinant protein, with E19-L201 aa sequence, the molecular weight is 22kda.