ELISA

Retinol binding protein 4, plasma, also known as RBP4, belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol(vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. It is protein that it is encoded by the RBP4 gene. RBP4 gene resides just centromeric of the cluster of CYP2C genes on 10q24. The mouse Rbp4 locus is closely linked and just proximal to the locus for phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450-2c(Cyp-2c) at the distal end of chromosome 19. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein post translationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells. The standard product used in this kit are recombinant mouse B7-1/CD80, D37—K245, consisting of dimer acids with two single stranded. The standard used in this kit is recombinant protein, with E19

NOV(nephroblastoma overexpressed), also known as CCN3, is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the NOV gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a small secreted cysteine-rich protein and a member of the CCN family of regulatory proteins. This gene is mapped to 8q24.12. NOV is a potentially useful marker for the diagnosis of adrenal gland diseases, malignant adrenocortical tumors, multiple sclerosis and so on. Moreover, reduced expression of NOV in ACTs may play an important role in the process of childhood ACT tumorigenesis. Though studying, it identified Nov as a regulator of human hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells.

SCFR(Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor), also known as proto-oncogene c-Kit or tyrosine-protein kinase Kit or CD117, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIT gene. KIT was first described as the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit. The KIT gene is mapped on 4q12. Kit was expressed on the surface of germ cells up to the pachytene stage. Signaling from the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is essential for primordial germ cell growth both in vivo and in vitro. Determination of the KIT effectors acting in primordial germ cells has been hampered by the lack of effective methods to manipulate easily gene expression in these cells.

Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A(alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 4, also called Kallistatin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINA4 gene. This gene is mapped to chromosome 14q32.13. Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor(serpin) and a heparin-binding protein. It is localized in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of blood vessels, suggesting that it may be involved in the regulation of vascular function. It shows that kallistatin plays a role in neointima hyperplasia. The potential role of kallistatin was investigated in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and presented results demonstrating a novel role of the protein in the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth.

Diablo homolog, mitochondrial, also known as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases(SMAC), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIABLO gene(direct IAP binding protein with low pI). It is mapped to 12q24.31. DIABLO can bind mammalian IAP homolog A(MIHA, or API3) and can also interact with MIHB, MIHC, and OpIAP, the baculoviral IAP. This gene encodes an inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP)-binding protein. The encoded mitochondrial protein enters the cytosol when cells undergo apoptosis, and allows activation of caspases by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Over expression of the encoded protein sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis. A mutation in this gene is associated with young-adult onset of nonsyndromic deafness-64.

TFPI (Tissue factor pathway inhibitor),also known as EPI, LACI or TFPI1, is a single-chain polypeptide which can reversibly inhibit Factor Xa (Xa) and Thrombin(Factor IIa). The gene for TFPI is located on chromosome 2q31-q32.1, and has nine exons which span 70 kb. TFPI consists of a highly negatively-charged amino-terminus, three tandemly-linked Kunitz domains, and a highly positively-charged carboxy-terminus. TFPI contributes significantly to the inhibition of Xa in vivo, despite being present at concentrations of only 2.5 nM.

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11(TNFSF11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11 gene. This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. This gene is mapped to chromosome13q14.11. Targeted disruption of the related gene in mice led to severe osteopetrosis and a lack of osteoclasts. The deficient mice exhibited defects in early differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and failed to form lobulo-alveolar mammary structures during pregnancy. This gene may play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11(TNFSF11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11 gene. This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. This gene is mapped to chromosome13q14.11. Targeted disruption of the related gene in mice led to severe osteopetrosis and a lack of osteoclasts. The deficient mice exhibited defects in early differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and failed to form lobulo-alveolar mammary structures during pregnancy. This gene may play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Trem1, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, is encoded by Trem1 gene. The expression of Trem1 is in monocytes and neutrophils but not in lymphocytes, dendritic cells, or other cell types. Trem1 is a 30-kD glycoprotein that is reduced to 26 kD by deglycosylation, in agreement with the predicted molecular mass. The Trem1 gene which contains 4 exons maps to chromosome 6p21.1, within a TREM gene cluster and the mouse Trem1 gene maps to chromosome 17 in a region that shows homology of synteny to human chromosome 6. The expression of Trem1 is upregulated by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS), gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Cross-linking of Trem1 on neutrophils induces interleukin-8(IL8) and myeloperoxidase secretion, while cross-linking on monocytes induces not only secretion of IL8 but also of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP1, or SCYA2) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF); MCP1 and TNF secretion could be further upregulated by LPS-mediated priming. Trem1 engagement also