ELISA

Nidogen-1(NID-1), also known as Entactin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NID1 gene. It is a member of the nidogen family of basement membrane glycoproteins. This gene is mapped to 1q42.3. Nidogen-1 is a component of the basement membrane alongside other components such as collagen type IV, proteoglycans(heparan sulfate and glycosaminoglycans), laminin and fibronectin. The protein interacts with several other components of basement membranes. Structurally it(along with perlecan) connects the networks formed by collagens and laminins to each other. It may also play a role in cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. Nidogen-1 also can serve as a bridge between the 2 most abundant molecules in the basement membrane: type IV collagen and laminin.

OX40L is the ligand for CD134 and is expressed on such cells as DC2s enabling amplification of Th2 cell differentiation. OX40L has also been designated CD252. By analysis of an interspecific backcross, the mouse Tnfsf4 gene is mapped to chromosome 1. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, they localized the human TNFSF4 gene to 1q25, a region sharing homology of synteny with the portion of mouse chromosome 1 containing the Tnfsf4 gene. OX40L strongly inhibited the generation of IL-10-producing Tr1 cells induced by two physiologic stimuli, the inducible costimulatory ligand and immature dendritic cells. In addition, OX40L strongly inhibited IL-10 production and suppressive function of differentiated IL-10-producing Tr1 cells. Tnfsf4 underlies Ath1 in mice and that polymorphisms in its human homolog TNFSF4 increase the risk of myocardial infarction in humans.

OX40L is the ligand for CD134 and is expressed on such cells as DC2s enabling amplification of Th2 cell differentiation. OX40L has also been designated CD252. By analysis of an interspecific backcross, Baum et al.(1994) mapped the mouse Tnfsf4 gene to chromosome 1. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, they localized the human TNFSF4 gene to 1q25, a region sharing homology of synteny with the portion of mouse chromosome 1 containing the Tnfsf4 gene.OX40L strongly inhibited the generation of IL-10-producing Tr1 cells induced by two physiologic stimuli, the inducible costimulatory ligand and immature dendritic cells. In addition, OX40L strongly inhibited IL-10 production and suppressive function of differentiated IL-10-producing Tr1 cells. Tnfsf4 underlies Ath1 in mice and that polymorphisms in its human homolog TNFSF4 increase the risk of myocardial infarction in humans.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is the principal inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and urokinase(uPA), the activators of plasminogen and hence fibrinolysis(the physiological breakdown of blood clots). It is a serine protease inhibitor(serpin) protein(SERPINE1). PAI-1 is mainly produced by the endothelium(cells lining blood vessels), but is also secreted by other tissue types, such as adipose tissue. The PAI-1 gene is located on the seventh chromosome(7q21.3-q22).1 Congenital deficiency of PAI-1 leads to a hemorrhagic diathesis(a tendency to hemorrhage). PAI-1 is present in increased levels in various disease states(such as a number of forms of cancer), as well as in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. It has been linked to the increased occurrence of thrombosis in patients with these conditions. Additionally, it has been shown to interact with ORM1.2 The standard product used in this kit is recombinant human PAI-1 with the molecular mass of 43KDa.

PTX3(Pentraxin 3) is a member of the pentraxin superfamily. This super family characterized by cyclic multimeric structure. The PTX3 gene is mapped to 3q25.32. The predicted 381-amino acid PTX3 protein has homology to the pentraxin protein family. Significant levels of PTX3 were detected in plasma of neutropenic patients with systemic A. PTX3 is effective in preventing CMV infection and reactivation, as well as subsequent Aspergillus infection. PTX3 activates the classical pathway of complement activation and facilitates pathogen recognition by macrophages and DCs.

PTX3(Pentraxin 3) is a member of the pentraxin superfamily. This super family characterized by cyclic multimeric structure. The PTX3 gene is mapped to 3q25.32. The predicted 381-amino acid PTX3 protein has homology to the pentraxin protein family. Significant levels of PTX3 were detected in plasma of neutropenic patients with systemic A. PTX3 is effective in preventing CMV infection and reactivation, as well as subsequent Aspergillus infection. PTX3 activates the classical pathway of complement activation and facilitates pathogen recognition by macrophages and DCs.

Interleukin(IL)-18, also called Interferon-gamma-inducing factor(IGIF), augments natural killer(NK) activity in spleen cells. The gene encodes a precursor protein of 192 amino acids and a mature protein of 157 amino acids.1 IL-18 is a recently discovered cytokine that modulates both T helper type 1(Th1) and Th2 responses.2 IL-18 is a potent proinflammatory cytokine with potential atherogenic properties. It is highly expressed in the atherosclerotic plaques compared with control normal arteries and is localized mainly in plaque macrophages.3

Interleukin-23 subunit alpha(IL-23) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL23A gene. IL-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of two subunits, one called p40, which is shared with another cytokine, IL-12, and another called p19(the IL-23 alpha subunit). IL-23 is an important part of the inflammatory response against infection. It promotes upregulation of the matrix metalloprotease MMP9, increases angiogenesis and reduces CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Recently, IL-23 has been implicated in the development of cancerous tumors. he International Radiation Hybrid Mapping Consortium mapped the p19 gene to chromosome 12(stSG47812).

Dickkopf-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DKK1 gene, which was mapped to chromosome 10q11.2. This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the dickkopf family. It is a secreted protein with two cysteine rich regions and is involved in embryonic development through its inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway. Elevated levels of DKK1 in bone marrow, plasma and peripheral blood is associated with the presence of osteolytic bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma.