ELISA

Ang K1-3 is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 259 amino acids. It represents a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen containing the first three kringle structures. Ang K1-3 reduces endothelial cell proliferation and acts as a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. It displays increased inhibitory activity(ED₅₀ =70 nM) relative to kringles 1-4(ED₅₀ = 135 nM).

Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282(cluster of differentiation 282). TLR-2 plays a role in the immune system. TLR-2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells and recognizes foreign substances and passes on appropriate signals to the cells of the immune system. TLR2 expresses as 4- and 4.4-kb mRNAs in heart, brain, and muscle..

Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3) also known as CD283(cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR3 gene. The TLR3 gene was mapped to chromosome 4q35 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. TLR3 specifically recognizes double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) and induces multiple intracellular events responsible for innate antiviral immunity against a number of viral infections.

Aggrecan, also known as cartilage-specific proteoglycan core protein (CSPCP) or chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACAN gene. It is a critical component for cartilage structure and the function of joints. Aggrecan provides intervertebral disc and cartilage with the ability to resist compressive loads. The localized high concentrations of aggrecan provide the osmotic properties necessary for normal tissue function with the GAGs producing the swelling pressure that counters compressive loads on the tissue. This functional ability is dependent on a high GAG/aggrecan concentration being present in the tissue extracellular matrix. Also, Aggrecan plays an important role in the organization of the extracellular spaces between neurons in the brain.

CD23, also known as Fc epsilon RII, or FcεRII, is the "low-affinity" receptor for IgE, an antibody isotype involved in allergy and resistance to parasites, and is important in regulation of IgE levels. There are two forms of CD23: CD23a and CD23b. CD23a is present on follicular B cells, whereas CD23b requires IL-4 to be expressed on T-cells, monocytes, Langerhans cells, eosinophils, and macrophages. As part of a mapping of multiple probes to specific bands on chromosome 19 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the FCE2 gene was assigned to 19p13.3. CD23(FCE2) is a key molecule for B-cell activation and growth. It is the low-affinity receptor for IgE. The truncated molecule can be secreted, then functioning as a potent mitogenic growth factor.

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COMP gene. The sequences of rat and bovine COMP indicate that it is a member of the thrombospondin gene family. By Southern blot analysis of a somatic cell hybrid DNA panel and by isotopic in situ hybridization, human COMP gene was mapped to 19p13.1, and the murine COMP gene was mapped to the central region of mouse chromosome 8 by use of an interspecific backcross mapping panel. COMP is a marker of cartilage turnover.

Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) is a 75 - 80 kDa disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein associated with the clearance of cellular debris and apoptosis.[1] In humans, clusterin is encoded by the CLU gene. This protein has several synonyms: dimeric acidic glycoprotein(DAG protein), testosterone repressed prostate message-2(TRPM-2), sulfated glycoprotein-2(SGP-2) and complement lysis inhibitor(CLI). Clusterin was mapped to mouse chromosome 14. Clusterin is a ubiquitously expressed molecule thought to influence a variety of processes including cell death. In the brain, it accumulates in dying neurons following seizures and hypoxic-ischemic(H-I) injury. clusterin may be a new therapeutic target to modulate non-caspase-dependent neuronal death following acute brain injury.

CD25 is the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2. CD25 has been used as a marker to identify CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in mice. By in situ hybridization, the IL2R gene was mapped to 10p15-p14. Its soluble form, called sIL-2R may be elevated in these diseases and is occasionally used to track disease progression.

Furin (Fur), also known as PACE, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FURIN gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme which belongs to the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family. The FUR gene is located approximately 1 kb upstream of the FES gene on chromosome 15q25-q26. This gene is thought to play a role in tumor progression. Furin is one of the proteases responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of HIV envelope polyprotein precursor gp160 to gp120 and gp41 prior to viral assembly. Furin is enriched in the Golgi apparatus, where it functions to cleave other proteins into their mature/active forms. Expression of furin in T-cells is required for maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance.