ELISA

Heparin-binding growth factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor(FGF) family. This protein functions as a modifier of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, as well as an angiogenic factor. It acts as a mitogen for a variety of mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro, thus is thought to be involved in organogenesis. The FGF1 gene was mapped to chromosome 5q31.3-q33.2 by in situ hybridization.

Heparin-binding growth factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor(FGF) family. This protein functions as a modifier of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, as well as an angiogenic factor. It acts as a mitogen for a variety of mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro, thus is thought to be involved in organogenesis. The FGF1 gene was mapped to chromosome 5q31.3-q33.2 by in situ hybridization.

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12 also known as TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis(TWEAK) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF12 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for the FN14/TWEAKR receptor. This cytokine has overlapping signaling functions with TNF, but displays a much wider tissue distribution. This cytokine can induce apoptosis via multiple pathways of cell death in a cell type-specific manner. This cytokine is also found to promote proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and thus acts as a regulator of angiogenesis. The TNFSF12 gene lies 878 bp upstream of the putative transcriptional start site of the TNFSF13 gene on chromosome 17p13.1.

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12 also known as TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis(TWEAK) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF12 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for the FN14/TWEAKR receptor. This cytokine has overlapping signaling functions with TNF, but displays a much wider tissue distribution. This cytokine can induce apoptosis via multiple pathways of cell death in a cell type-specific manner. This cytokine is also found to promote proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and thus acts as a regulator of angiogenesis. The TNFSF12 gene lies 878 bp upstream of the putative transcriptional start site of the TNFSF13 gene on chromosome 17p13.1.

Sclerostin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOST gene. Sclerostin is a secreted glycoprotein with a C-terminal cysteine knot-like(CTCK) domain and sequence similarity to the DAN(differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma) family of bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) antagonists. Sclerostin is produced by the osteocyte and has anti-anabolic effects on bone formation. The SOST gene maps to chromosome 17q12-q21

Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1, also known as IL1RL1 or ST2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RL1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family. Studies of the similar gene in mouse suggested that this receptor can be induced by proinflammatory stimuli, and may be involved in the function of helper T cells. TL1RL1 is necessary for endotoxin tolerance and, by inhibiting TLR responses, enhances Th2 responses. This gene, interleukin 1 receptor, type I(IL1R1), interleukin 1 receptor, type II(IL1R2) and interleukin 1 receptor-like 2(IL1RL2) form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q12.

Interleukin-17 receptor C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17RC gene. By genomic sequence analysis, IL17RC gene was mapped to chromosome 3p25.3-p24.1. This gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein that shares limited similarity with the interleukin-17 receptor. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been detected for this gene, but the full-length nature of only three have been determined to date. The biologic activity of IL-17 is dependent on a complex composed of IL-17RA and IL-17RC, suggesting a new paradigm for understanding the interactions between the expanded family of IL-17 ligands and their receptors.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP5 gene. The IGFBP5 gene was mapped to chromosome 2q33-q34. The expression of IGFBP5 by stable transfection and adenovirus-mediated infection was inhibitory to growth in 2 human breast cancer cell lines. Stable expression of IGFBP5 in the breast cancer cell lines also inhibited the formation and growth of tumors following injection in athymic mice. IGFBP5 is believed a growth inhibitor and proapoptotic agent in breast cancer cells.

CD166 antigen is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins. In humans it is encoded by the ALCAM gene. The gene was mapped to human chromosome 3q13.1-q13.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization of cDNA probes to metaphase chromosomes. It is also called CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), MEMD, SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat. It is expressed on activated T cells, activated monocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, melanoma cells, and also in sweat and sebaceous glands. CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanoma. CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development. Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.