ELISA

OX-2 membrane glycoprotein, also known as CD200 is a human protein encoded by the CD200 gene. This gene is mapped to 3q13.2. The protein encoded by this gene is a type-1 membrane glycoprotein, which contains two immunoglobulin domains, and thus belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Studies of the related genes in mouse and rat suggest that this gene may regulate myeloid cell activity and delivers an inhibitory signal for the macrophage lineage in diverse tissues. It is suggested that CD200-CD200R signaling plays a central role in macrophage fusion and osteoclast formation.

Surfactant, pulmonary-associated protein D, also known as SFTPD or SP-D, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SFTPD gene. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, the SP-D gene was localized in 10q22.2-q23.1. On the basis of homology with other collectins, potential functions for SP-D include roles in innate immunity and surfactant metabolism, SP-D is produced in the bronchiolar and terminal epithelium of human fetal lung from about 21 weeks of gestation. What's more, SP-A and SP-D act as dual-function surveillance molecules that reverse orientation and function and become initiators of host-defense reactions.

Periostin, also known as OSF2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POSTN gene. The International Radiation Hybrid Mapping Consortium mapped the POSTN gene to chromosome 13. Periostin functions as a ligand for alpha-V/beta-3 and alpha-V/ beta-5 integrins to support adhesion and migration of epithelial cells. It is found that periostin was overexpressed by the majority of human primary breast cancers examined. After myocardial infarction, periostin-induced cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry and mitosis were associated with improved ventricular remodeling and myocardial function, reduced fibrosis and infarct size, and increase angiogenesis.

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2(ACE 2) is a protein belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases and has considerable homology to human angiotensin 1 converting enzyme. By sequence similarity to a sequence in GenBank, this gene is mapped to Xp22.2. This secreted protein catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9, and angiotensin II into the vasodilator angiotensin 1-7. The organ- and cell-specific expression of this gene suggests that it may play a role in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function, as well as fertility. In addition, the encoded protein is a functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein of the human coronaviruses SARS and HCoV-NL63.

Macrophage Stimulating 1(SMT1), also known as Hepatocyte growth factor-like protein(HGFL) and MSP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MST1 gene. The HGFL gene was identified at the DNF15S2 locus on human chromosome 3(3p21). The RON tyrosine kinase), the receptor for MSP, is expressed on the ciliated epithelia of the mucociliary transport apparatus of the lung. Furthermore, MSP stimulated ciliary motility in these cells by activating RON.

Serum amyloid A protein(SAA), also known as SAA1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. It is mapped to 11p15.1. SAA is a major acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an important role in HDL metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High levels of this protein are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. This protein may also be a potential biomarker for certain tumors.

Transforming growth factor, beta-induced, 68kDa, also known as TGFBI (initially called BIGH3, BIG-H3), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TGFBI gene. It is mapped to 5q31.1. This gene encodes an RGD-containing protein that binds to type I, II and IV collagens. The RGD motif is found in many extracellular matrix proteins modulating cell adhesion and serves as a ligand recognition sequence for several integrins. This protein plays a role in cell-collagen interactions and may be involved in endochondrial bone formation in cartilage. The protein is induced by transforming growth factor-beta and acts to inhibit cell adhesion.

Granulin, also known as Proepithelin(PEPI) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRN gene. This gene is mapped to 17q21.31. Granulins are a family of secreted, glycosylated peptides that are cleaved from a single precursor protein with 7.5 repeats of a highly conserved 12-cysteine granulin/epithelin motif. The 88 kDa precursor protein, progranulin, is also called proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide produces mature granulin which can be further cleaved into a variety of active, 6 kDa peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc. Epithelins 1 and 2 are synonymous with granulins A and B, respectively. Both the peptides and intact granulin protein regulate cell growth. However, different members of the granulin protein family may act as inhibitors, stimulators, or have dual actions on cell growth. Granulin family members are important in normal development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis.

Betacellulin, also known as BTC is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTC gene. This gene is mapped to 4q13.3. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the EGF family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events. This protein is a ligand for the EGF receptor. It is the growth factor that binds to EGFR, ERBB4 and other EGF receptor family members. This protein is a potent mitogen for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.