ELISA

MFGE8(Milk Fat Globule-Egf Factor 8), also called as Lactadherin or SED1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MFGE8 gene. Mfge8 is secreted protein found in vertebrates, including mammals as well as birds. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, the MFGE8 gene was mapped to chromosome 15q25. MFGE8 is a factor that links apoptotic cells to phagocytes. It specifically bound to apoptotic cells by recognizing aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine. MFGE8, when engaged by phospholipids, bound to cells via its RGD motif. It bound particularly strongly to cells expressing alpha-V-beta-3 integrin. It showed that Mfge8 was expressed in intestinal lamina propria macrophages in mice. Using a wound-healing assay, they showed that Mfge8 promoted migration of intestinal epithelial cells through a PKC-epsilon(PRKCE)-dependent mechanism.

WISP1(WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1), also known as CCN4, is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the WISP1 gene. WISP1 is induced by WNT1 and belongs to the CCN family, which includes connective tissue growth factor, cysteine-rich-61, and nephroblastoma overexpressed. By use of radiation hybrid mapping panels, the WISP1 was mapped to chromosome 8q24.1-q24.3, roughly 4 Mb distal to MYC. It found that 2 distinct systems demonstrated that WISP induction was associated with expression of WNT1. WISP1 genomic DNA was amplified in colon cancer cell lines and in human colon tumors, and its RNA was overexpressed in 84% of tumors examined compared with patient-matched normal mucosa.

GAS6(Growth arrest-specific 6), also known as AXLLG or AXSF, is a human gene coding for the Gas6 protein. It is mapped to 13q34. GAS6 was originally found as a gene upregulated by growth arrested fibroblasts. This gene product is a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid(Gla)-containing protein which thought to be involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation, and may play a role in thrombosis. What's more, the product of the GAS6 gene, a ligand for the AXL, MER, and TYRO3 tyrosine kinase receptors, is a vitamin K-dependent protein, structurally related to anticoagulant protein S but lacking its anticoagulant activity. This protein also shows great importance in the cardiovascular system.

Complement factor D(CFD), also called ADIPSIN or FACTOR D, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CFD gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the trypsin family of peptidases. It is mapped to 19p13.3. The encoded protein is a component of the alternative complement pathway which is best known for its role in humoral suppression of infectious agents. This protein is also a serine protease that is secreted by adipocytes into the bloodstream. Finally, the encoded protein has a high level of expression in fat, suggesting a role for adipose tissue in immune system biology. What's more, Factor D is a serine protease that stimulates glucose transport for triglyceride accumulation in fats cells and inhibits lipolysis.

LIFR, also known as CD118(Cluster of Differentiation 118), is a subunit of a receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. It is mapped to 5p31.1. The LIF receptor(LIFR) is the low-affinity binding chain that, together with the high-affinity converter subunit gp130, forms a high-affinity receptor complex that mediates the action of the leukemia-inhibitory factor. LIF is a polyfunctional cytokine that affects the differentiation, survival, and proliferation of a wide variety of cells in the adult and the embryo. Mutations in this gene cause Schwartz-Jampel syndrome type 2, a disease belonging to the group of the bent-bone dysplasias. A translocation that involves the promoter of this gene, together with the pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1, is associated with salivary gland pleiomorphic adenoma, a common type of benign epithelial tumor of the salivary gland.

MFGE8(Milk Fat Globule-Egf Factor 8), also called as Lactadherin or SED1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MFGE8 gene. Mfge8 is secreted protein found in vertebrates, including mammals as well as birds. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, the MFGE8 gene was mapped to chromosome 15q25. MFGE8 is a factor that links apoptotic cells to phagocytes. It specifically bound to apoptotic cells by recognizing aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine. MFGE8, when engaged by phospholipids, bound to cells via its RGD motif. It bound particularly strongly to cells expressing alpha-V-beta-3 integrin. It showed that Mfge8 was expressed in intestinal lamina propria macrophages in mice. Using a wound-healing assay, they showed that Mfge8 promoted migration of intestinal epithelial cells through a PKC-epsilon(PRKCE)-dependent mechanism.

Transforming growth factor, beta-induced, 68kDa, also known as TGFBI(initially called BIGH3, BIG-H3), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TGFBI gene. It is mapped to 5q31.1. This gene encodes an RGD-containing protein that binds to type I, II and IV collagens. The RGD motif is found in many extracellular matrix proteins modulating cell adhesion and serves as a ligand recognition sequence for several integrins. This protein plays a role in cell-collagen interactions and may be involved in endochondrial bone formation in cartilage. The protein is induced by transforming growth factor-beta and acts to inhibit cell adhesion.

Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61(CYR61) or CCN family member 1(CCN1), is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the CYR61 gene. This gene is mapped to 1p22.3. CYR61 is capable of regulating a broad range of cellular activities, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence through interaction with cell surface integrin receptors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. During embryonic development, CYR61 is critical for cardiac septal morphogenesis, blood vessel formation in placenta, and vascular integrity. In adulthood CYR61 plays important roles in inflammation and tissue repair, and is associated with diseases related to chronic inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes-related nephropathy and retinopathy, and many different forms of cancers.

WISP1(WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1), also known as CCN4, is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the WISP1 gene. WISP1 is induced by WNT1 and belongs to the CCN family, which includes connective tissue growth factor, cysteine-rich-61, and nephroblastoma overexpressed. By use of radiation hybrid mapping panels, the WISP1 was mapped to chromosome 8q24.1-q24.3, roughly 4 Mb distal to MYC. It found that 2 distinct systems demonstrated that WISP induction was associated with expression of WNT1. WISP1 genomic DNA was amplified in colon cancer cell lines and in human colon tumors, and its RNA was overexpressed in 84% of tumors examined compared with patient-matched normal mucosa.