ELISA

Galectin-3-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS3BP gene. The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Using fluorescence in–situ hybridization, the full length 90K cDNA has been localized to chromosome 17q25. The native protein binds specifically to a human macrophage-associated lectin known as Mac-2 and also binds to galectin 1.

Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1, also called TATI or PSTI, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPINK1 gene. It is mapped to 5q32. SPINK1 gene contains 4 exons spanning approximately 7.5 kb. It was initially detected in urine of patients with ovarian cancer. This peptide is also produced by the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract where it may protect the mucosal cells from proteolytic breakdown. The SPINK1 gene encodes pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, which is secreted from pancreatic acinar cells into pancreatic juice. Its physiologic role was thought to be the prevention of trypsin-catalyzed premature activation of zymogens within the pancreas and the pancreatic duct. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary pancreatitis and tropical calcific pancreatitis.

Folate receptor 1 adult is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the folate receptor(FOLR) family. It is mapped to 11q13.4. FOLR1 expression in Jurkat cells facilitated MBG or EBO entry, and FR-blocking reagents inhibited infection of MBG or EBO. This gene product is a secreted protein that either anchors to membranes via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage or exists in a soluble form. The FOLR1 gene encodes the adult folate receptor, or folate-binding protein(FBP), which has a high affinity for folic acid and for several reduced folic acid derivatives, and mediates delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells. FOLR1 is also an important regulator of milk protein synthesis.

Folate receptor 1 adult is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the folate receptor(FOLR) family. It is mapped to 11q13.4. FOLR1 expression in Jurkat cells facilitated MBG or EBO entry, and FR-blocking reagents inhibited infection of MBG or EBO. This gene product is a secreted protein that either anchors to membranes via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage or exists in a soluble form. The FOLR1 gene encodes the adult folate receptor, or folate-binding protein(FBP), which has a high affinity for folic acid and for several reduced folic acid derivatives, and mediates delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells. FOLR1 is also an important regulator of milk protein synthesis.

Lumican, also known as LUM, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LUM gene. This gene is a member of the small interstitial proteoglycan gene(SIPG) family, and it is a keratan sulfate proteoglycan which presents large quantities in the corneal stroma and in interstitial collagenous matrices of the heart, aorta, skeletal muscle, skin, and intervertebral discs. Lumican is mapped to 12q21.33, it interacts with collagen and limits growth of fibrils in diameter. In the cornea, Lumican not only interacts with collagen molecules to limit fibril growth, but also plays a critical role in the regular spacing of fibrils and acquisition of corneal transparency by virtue of its keratan sulfate-containing glycosaminoglycan side chains LDC.

Matrix metalloproteinase 8(MMP8) also called neutrophil collagenase. Neutrophil collagenase, a member of the family of matrix metalloproteinases, is distinct from the collagenase of skin fibroblasts and synovial cells in substrate specificity and immunologic cross reactivity. MMP8, an enzyme that degrades fibrillar collagens imparting strength to the fetal membranes, is expressed by leukocytes and chorionic cytotrophoblast cells. The human neutrophil collagenase(HNC) cDNA clone has been sequenced and shown to encode a 467-residue protein. Neutrophil collagenase has been found to possess 57% identity with the deduced protein sequence for fibroblast collagenase with 72% chemical similarity. Certain regions of the molecule, including the putative zinc-binding region, are highly conserved. When compared with the published sequence for fibroblast collagenase, neutrophil collagenase contains four additional sites for glycosylation. The standard product used in this kit is natural, isolating

Renin, also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system(RAS). This gene is mapped to 1q32.1. Renin's primary function is to cause an increase in blood pressure, leading to restoration of perfusion pressure in the kidneys. It also can catalyze the first step in the activation pathway of angiotensinogen--a cascade that can result in aldosterone release, vasoconstriction. Renin, an aspartyl protease, cleaves angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin I converting enzyme, an important regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. What's more, Renin secretion is also stimulated by sympathetic nervous stimulation, mainly through beta-1 adrenoceptor activation.

Renin-1 is also known as Ren, Angiotensinogenase or Kidney rennin. It is a member of peptidase A1 family. Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. It associated to membranes via binding to ATP6AP2.

Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPNMB gene. In osteoblast progenitor cells, GPNMB works as a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation during later stages of matrix maturation and mineralization that is mediated at least in part by BMP-2 in a SMAD1 dependent manner to promote osteoblast differentiation. GPNMB can enhance the repairing process in bone fracture, demonstrated by its high expression during chondrogenesis(soft callus) and osteogenesis(hard callus) compared to the intact femurs that is why Osteoactivin(OA) could be a novel therapeutic agent used to treat generalized osteoporosis or localized osteopenia during fracture repair by stimulating bone growth and regeneration. Similarly, GPNMB expression increases during osteoclast differentiation and it is functionally implicated in this process, possibly by promoting the fusion of osteoclast progenitor cells.