ELISA

Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG4 gene. It is mapped to 1p12. REG-4 gene contains 6 exons and that the exon structure is preserved among members of the REG gene family. This gene is able to maintain carbohydrate recognition activity in an acidic environment. REG-4 expression was significantly upregulated by inflammation and tissue injury associated with active Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, and most of the colorectal tumors overexpressing REG-4 are mucinous tumors or neuroendocrine tumors.

Dentin matrix acidic phosphorprotein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DMP1 gene. It belongs to the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein(SIBLING) family of secreted phosphoproteins. This gene is mapped to 4q22.1. This protein, which is critical for proper mineralization of bone and dentin, is present in diverse cells of bone and tooth tissues. In undifferentiated osteoblasts, DMP-1 is primarily a nuclear protein that regulates the expression of osteoblast-specific genes. During osteoblast maturation, the protein becomes phosphorylated and is exported to the extracellular matrix, where it orchestrates mineralized matrix formation. Mutations in the gene are known to cause autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia, a disease that manifests as rickets and osteomalacia. The gene structure is conserved in mammals.

ADAM12(Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12), also known as MLTN, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM12 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) protein family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. This gene has two alternatively spliced transcripts: a shorter secreted form and a longer membrane-bound form. The shorter form is found to stimulate myogenesis. By RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses that expression of mouse Adam12 increases during muscle regeneration, while the levels of other ADAMs remain constant. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed staining of small, newly formed muscle fibers in regenerating but not normal adult muscle cells. By using of fluorescence in si

ADAM12(Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12), also known as MLTN, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM12 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) protein family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis. This gene has two alternatively spliced transcripts: a shorter secreted form and a longer membrane-bound form. The shorter form is found to stimulate myogenesis. By RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses that expression of mouse Adam12 increases during muscle regeneration, while the levels of other ADAMs remain constant. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed staining of small, newly formed muscle fibers in regenerating but not normal adult muscle cells. By using of fluorescence in si

Angiopoietin 1, also called ANG1 is a type of angiopoietin and is encoded by the gene ANGPT1. Angiopoietins are proteins with important roles in vascular development and angiogenesis. All angiopoietins bind with similar affinity to an endothelial cell-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor. This gene was mapped to 8q23.1. The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted glycoprotein that activates the receptor by inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. It plays a critical role in mediating reciprocal interactions between the endothelium and surrounding matrix and mesenchyme and inhibits endothelial permeability. The protein also contributes to blood vessel maturation and stability, and may be involved in early development of the heart.

Angiopoietin 1, also called ANG1 is a type of angiopoietin and is encoded by the gene ANGPT1. Angiopoietins are proteins with important roles in vascular development and angiogenesis. All angiopoietins bind with similar affinity to an endothelial cell-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor. This gene was mapped to 8q23.1. The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted glycoprotein that activates the receptor by inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. It plays a critical role in mediating reciprocal interactions between the endothelium and surrounding matrix and mesenchyme and inhibits endothelial permeability. The protein also contributes to blood vessel maturation and stability, and may be involved in early development of the heart.

Betacellulin, also known as BTC is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTC gene. This gene is mapped to 4q13.3. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the EGF family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events. This protein is a ligand for the EGF receptor. It is the growth factor that binds to EGFR, ERBB4 and other EGF receptor family members. This protein is a potent mitogen for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP5 gene. The IGFBP5 gene was mapped to chromosome 2q33-q34. The expression of IGFBP5 by stable transfection and adenovirus-mediated infection was inhibitory to growth in 2 human breast cancer cell lines. Stable expression of IGFBP5 in the breast cancer cell lines also inhibited the formation and growth of tumors following injection in athymic mice. IGFBP5 is believed a growth inhibitor and proapoptotic agent in breast cancer cells.