ELISA

Chemokine(C-C motif) ligand 7(CCL7) is a small cytokine known as a chemokine that was previously called monocyte-specific chemokine 3(MCP3). It belongs to the C-C chemokine family. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, mapped the MCP3 gene to chromosome 17q11.2-q12. MCP3 was identified as a physiologic substrate of gelatinase A. Cleaved MCP3 binds to CC-chemokine receptors-1, -2, and -3, but no longer induces calcium fluxes or promotes chemotaxis, and instead acts as a general chemokine antagonist that dampens inflammation, suggested that matrix metalloproteinases are both effectors and regulators of the inflammatory response.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the most potent mitogen for mature parenchymal hepatocytes in primary culture, and seems to be a hepatotrophic factor that acts as a trigger for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and liver injury. HGF has a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 82,000 and is a heterodimer composed of a large alpha-subunit of Mr 69,000 and a small beta-subunit of Mr 34,000.1 The protein consists of 728 amino acid residues, including a possible signal peptide at the N-terminus.2 HGF may serve as a paracrine mediator to control placental development and growth.3 This growth factor may play an important role as a paracrine mediator of the proliferation of melanocytes and endothelial cells, as well as cells of epithelial origin.4 The gene encoding the human HGF is assigned to human chromosome 7.

TIMP-2 gen is encoded by 5 exons spanning 83 kb of genomic DNA. TIMP-2 is 83 kilobase pairs (kb) long with exon-intron splicing sites located in preserved positions among the three members of the TIMP family. The gene for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 is localized on human chromosome arm 17q25. TIMP-2 abrogates angiogenic factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo independent of MMP inhibition. The standard product used in this kit is recombinant human TIMP-2 with the molecular mass of 22Kda and 194 amino acid.

CD22 or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins. This gene is mapped to 19q13.2. It is found on the surface of mature B cells and to a lesser extent on some immature B cells. Generally speaking, CD22 is a regulatory molecule that prevents the overactivation of the immune system and the development of autoimmune diseases. It is a negative regulator of antigen receptor signaling whose onset of expression at the mature B cell stage may serve to raise the antigen concentration threshold required for B cell triggering. CD22 functions as an inhibitory receptor for B cell receptor (BCR) signalling. This gene can downmodulate signaling through the IgM and IgD B-cell receptors(BCRs), but not through the IgG BCR, because the IgG cytoplasmic tail prevents CD22 phosphorylation and actually enhances IgG-BCR signaling.

SIGLEC-1, also known as Sialoadhesin or CD169, is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of certain cells of the immune system called macrophages. This gene is mapped to 20p13. It belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily(IgSF). Since sialoadhesin binds sialic acids with its N-terminal IgV-domain, it is also a member of the SIGLEC family. The localization and expression of SIGLEC-1 in humans has altered coincident with the evolutionary loss of Neu5Gc. SIGLEC-1-positive macrophages have a dual physiologic function. They act as innate 'flypaper' by preventing the systemic spread of lymph-borne pathogens and as critical gatekeepers at the lymph-tissue interface that facilitate the recognition of particulate antigens by B cells and initiate humoral immune responses.

Cathepsin E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSE gene. It is mapped to 1q32.1. The protein encoded by this gene is a gastric aspartyl protease that functions as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This protease, which is a member of the peptidase C1 family, has a specificity similar to that of pepsin A and cathepsin D. It is an intracellular proteinase that does not appear to be involved in the digestion of dietary protein and is found in highest concentration in the surface of epithelial mucus-producing cells of the stomach. Cathepsin E is the first aspartic proteinase expressed in the fetal stomach and is found in more than half of gastric cancers. It appears, therefore, to be an oncofetal antigen, and it also has an important role in immune responses.

TGFBR2(transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70/80kDa)), also known as TGF-beta receptor type-2, TGFR-2, TGF-beta type II receptor, Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II( TGF-beta receptor type II, TbetaR-II), is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and the TGFB receptor subfamily. A TGFBR2 cDNA encoding a deduced 565-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of approximately 60 kD in length. The encoded protein is a transmembrane protein that has a protein kinase domain, forms a heterodimeric complex with another receptor protein, and binds TGF-beta. This receptor/ligand complex phosphorylates proteins, which then enter the nucleus and regulate the transcription of a subset of genes related to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Deitz aortic aneurysm syndrome, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, and the development of various types of tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding differe

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18, also known as AITRL or GITRL, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF18 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ligand family. It is mapped to 1q25.1. TNFSF18 is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. TNFSF18-dependent modulation of tryptophan catabolism may represent an important mechanism of action of glucocorticoids, both physiologically and therapeutically.