ELISA

MADCAM1(Mucosal Vascular Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule 1), also known as MACAM1, is a protein that is encoded by the MADCAM1 gene. By PCR-based analysis of somatic cell hybrids, Leung et al(1997) mapped the MACAM1 gene to chromosome 19. The protein encoded by this gene is an endothelil cell adhesion molecule that interacts preferentially with the leukocyte beta7 integrin LPAM-1(alpha4 / beta7), L-selectin, and VLA-4(alpha4/beta1) on myeloid cells to direct leukocytes into mucosal and inflamed tissues. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is similar to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.

Metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TIMP4 gene. This gene belongs to the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases gene family. The proteins encoded by this gene family are inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases, a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. TIMP4 gene is mapped to chromosome 3p25. TIMP4 gene contains 5 exons that span 6 kb of genomic DNA. The gene is expressed as a 1.4-kb transcript abundant in heart and present at low levels in several other tissues. Expressed TIMP4 inhibits MMPs in vitro. What’s more, TIMP-4 binds both progelatinase A and the C domain in a similar manner to that of TIMP-2.

Mesothelin, also known as MSLN or MPF is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSLN gene. This gene is mapped to 16p13.3. This gene encodes a precursor protein that is cleaved into two products, megakaryocyte potentiating factor and mesothelin. Megakaryocyte potentiation factor functions as a cytokine that can stimulate colony formation in bone marrow megakaryocytes. Mesothelian is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell-surface protein that may function as a cell adhesion protein. This protein is overexpressed in epithelial mesotheliomas, ovarian cancers and in specific squamous cell carcinomas.

Syndecan 1, also known as SYND1 or CD138, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SDC1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane(type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. This gene is mapped to 2p24.1. The syndecans mediate cell binding, cell signaling, cytoskeletal organization and syndecan receptors are required for internalization of the HIV-1 tat protein. The syndecan 1 protein functions as an integral membrane protein and participates in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions via its receptor for extracellular matrix proteins. What’s more, Syndecan-1 is also a sponge for growth factors, with binding largely via heparan sulfate chains.

ADAMTS1 (A Disintegrin-Like and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif, 1), also known as METH1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAMTS1 gene. ADAMTS is a family of proteins believed to be anchored to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through interactions with aggregan or other matrix components by one or more thrombospondin type 1 motifs. ADAMTS1 gene is mapped to 21q21.2 based on sequence similarity between the ADAMTS1 sequence and a chromosome 21q21.2 clone. It has been found that ADAMTS1 can disrupt angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro more efficiently than ADAMTS8, THBS1, or endostatin. What’s more, ADAMTS1 disrupts angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro more efficiently than ADAMTS8, THBS1, or endostatin.

Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9, also known as MCMP or MDC9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAM9 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ADAM('a disintegrin and metalloproteinase') family and exhibits a number of characteristics of class III reprolysins. This gene is mapped to 8p11.22. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis.

NRP1(Neuropilin 1) also known as NP1, NRP, BDCA4 or VEGF165R, is a membrane-bound coreceptor to a tyrosine kinase receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and semaphorin family members. NRP1 plays versatile roles in angiogenesis, axon guidance, cell survival, migration, and invasion. By somatic cell hybrid analysis, the NRP1 gene was mapped to chromosome 10. NRP1 bounds PGF1 with lower affinity. NRP1-mediated interactions are a necessary element in the initiation of the primary immune response and offer another example, like that of agrin, of a molecule shared by neurologic and immunologic synapses. After T-cell contact with DC, T-cell NRP1 colocalized with CD3 in the immunologic synapse and, sometimes, also at the opposite pole of the T cell. Soluble NRP1 interacts in a homophilic fashion with NRP1 on both DC and T cells, and this binding can be inhibited by blocking antibodies to NRP1. Furthermore, selective NRP1 inhibition in this model suppressed neovascular form

NRP1(Neuropilin 1) also known as NP1, NRP, BDCA4 or VEGF165R, is a membrane-bound coreceptor to a tyrosine kinase receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and semaphorin family members. NRP1 plays versatile roles in angiogenesis, axon guidance, cell survival, migration, and invasion. By somatic cell hybrid analysis, the NRP1 gene was mapped to chromosome 10. NRP1 bounds PGF1 with lower affinity. NRP1-mediated interactions are a necessary element in the initiation of the primary immune response and offer another example, like that of agrin, of a molecule shared by neurologic and immunologic synapses. After T-cell contact with DC, T-cell NRP1 colocalized with CD3 in the immunologic synapse and, sometimes, also at the opposite pole of the T cell. Soluble NRP1 interacts in a homophilic fashion with NRP1 on both DC and T cells, and this binding can be inhibited by blocking antibodies to NRP1. Furthermore, selective NRP1 inhibition in this model suppressed neovascular form

NRP2(Neuropilin-2), also called Npn2 or VEGF165R2, encodes a member of the neuropilin family of receptor proteins. The soluble NRP2 was secreted as a 62.5-kD protein following transfection in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The NRP2 gene is mapped to 2q33.3. The NRP2 gene contains 17 exons and spans about 112 kb. This protein may play a role in cardiovascular development, axon guidance, and tumorigenesis. Mice with null mutations in genes encoding Sema3F, and its holoreceptor components Npn2 and plexin A3 (PLEXA3), exhibit increased dentate gyrus granule cell and cortical layer V pyramidal neuron spine number and size, and also aberrant spine distribution. Moreover, Sema3F promotes loss of spines and excitatory synapses in dissociated neurons in vitro, and in NRP2-null brain slices cortical layer V and dentate gyrus granule cells exhibit increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency. These disparate effects of secreted semaphorins are reflected in the restricted dendritic