ELISA

NRP2(Neuropilin-2), also called Npn2 or VEGF165R2, encodes a member of the neuropilin family of receptor proteins. The soluble NRP2 was secreted as a 62.5-kD protein following transfection in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The NRP2 gene is mapped to 2q33.3. The NRP2 gene contains 17 exons and spans about 112 kb. This protein may play a role in cardiovascular development, axon guidance, and tumorigenesis. Mice with null mutations in genes encoding Sema3F, and its holoreceptor components Npn2 and plexin A3 (PLEXA3), exhibit increased dentate gyrus granule cell and cortical layer V pyramidal neuron spine number and size, and also aberrant spine distribution. Moreover, Sema3F promotes loss of spines and excitatory synapses in dissociated neurons in vitro, and in NRP2-null brain slices cortical layer V and dentate gyrus granule cells exhibit increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency. These disparate effects of secreted semaphorins are reflected in the restricted dendritic

Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4, also known as FLT4 or VEGFR3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FLT4 gene. It is mapped to 5q35.3. This gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors C and D. The protein is thought to be involved in lymph angiogenesis and maintenance of the lymphatic endothelium. FLT4 has an essential role in the development of the embryonic cardiovascular system before the emergence of the lymphatic vessels. It has been found that FLT4, which provides proangiogenic signaling when expressed on endothelium, may also have antiangiogenic properties when expressed at an avascular site by nonendothelial cells. FLT4 is also regarded as a regulator of vascular network formation.

BIRC7, also called KIAP or Livin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIRC7 gene. This gene is mapped to 20q13.33. It encodes a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, and contains a single copy of a baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) as well as a RING-type zinc finger domain. The BIR domain is essential for inhibitory activity and interacts with caspases, while the RING finger domain sometimes enhances antiapoptotic activity but does not inhibit apoptosis alone. Elevated levels of the encoded protein may be associated with cancer progression and play a role in chemotherapy sensitivity. BIRC7 blocked apoptosis induced by BAX induction of cytochrome C release from mitochondria, and it also can block apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents.

Junctional adhesion molecule A(JAM-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the F11R gene. It is mapped to 1q23.3. This gene is an immunoglobulin-like molecule that colocalizes with tight junctions in endothelium and epithelium and is also found on blood leukocytes and platelets. JAM-A plays an important role in the regulation of tight junction assembly in epithelia. In addition, it can act as a receptor for reovirus, a ligand for the integrin LFA1, involved in leukocyte transmigration, and a platelet receptor. JAM-A has a nonredundant role in controlling DC motility, trafficking to lymph nodes, and activation of specific immunity.

IL-20, also known as Interleukin 20 or Zcyto10, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL20 gene. This gene is mapped to 1q32.1. IL-20 is a protein belonging to the IL-10 family of cytokines. This cytokine has been shown to transduce its signal through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in keratinocytes. A specific receptor for this cytokine is found to be expressed in skin and upregulated dramatically in psoriatic skin, suggesting a role for this protein in epidermal function and psoriasis. IL-20 regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes during inflammation, particularly inflammation associated with the skin. In addition, IL-20 also causes cell expansion of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Erythropoietin, EPO, also known as hematopoietin or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. This gene is mapped to 7q22. It is said that the EPO gene encodes a deduced 193-amino acid propolypeptide. This hormone can be found in kidney and liver. It is the hormone that regulates red blood cell production. And it plays an important role in the brain's response to neuronal injury. What’s more, EPO is also involved in the wound healing process.

ANGPTL3, also known as Angiopoietin-like 3 or HYPLl, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANGPTL3 gene. It is mapped to 1p31.3. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the angiopoietin-like family of secreted factors. It is expressed predominantly in the liver, and has the characteristic structure of angiopoietins, consisting of a signal peptide, N-terminal coiled-coil domain, and the C-terminal fibrinogen (FBN)-like domain. ANGPTL3 also acts as dual inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL), and increases plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol in rodents. It can inhibit endothelial lipase to catalyze HDL-phospholipid and increase HDL-PL levels.

NRP1(Neuropilin 1) also known as NP1, NRP, BDCA4 or VEGF165R, is a membrane-bound coreceptor to a tyrosine kinase receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and semaphorin family members. NRP1 plays versatile roles in angiogenesis, axon guidance, cell survival, migration, and invasion. By somatic cell hybrid analysis, the NRP1 gene was mapped to chromosome 10. NRP1 bounds PGF1 with lower affinity. NRP1-mediated interactions are a necessary element in the initiation of the primary immune response and offer another example, like that of agrin, of a molecule shared by neurologic and immunologic synapses. After T-cell contact with DC, T-cell NRP1 colocalized with CD3 in the immunologic synapse and, sometimes, also at the opposite pole of the T cell. Soluble NRP1 interacts in a homophilic fashion with NRP1 on both DC and T cells, and this binding can be inhibited by blocking antibodies to NRP1. Furthermore, selective NRP1 inhibition in this model suppressed neovascular form

TFPI (Tissue factor pathway inhibitor),also known as EPI, LACI or TFPI1, is a single-chain polypeptide which can reversibly inhibit Factor Xa (Xa) and Thrombin (Factor IIa). The gene for TFPI is located on chromosome 2q31-q32.1, and has nine exons which span 70 kb. TFPI consists of a highly negatively-charged amino-terminus, three tandemly-linked Kunitz domains, and a highly positively-charged carboxy-terminus. TFPI contributes significantly to the inhibition of Xa in vivo, despite being present at concentrations of only 2.5 nM.