Cytokines & Chemokines

FGF-21, also known as fibroblast growth factor-21 and FGFL, is a secreted growth factor belonging to theheparin-binding growth factor family. It is produced by hepatocytes in response to fatty acid stimulation. FGF-21 couples with its co-factor beta-Klotho to signal through FGFR1c and FGFR4. Signal transduction results in insulin-independent uptake of glucose by adipocytes. Clinical administration of FGF-21 induces energy expenditure, fat utilization and lipid excretion.

FGF-21, also known as fibroblast growth factor-21 and FGFL, is a secreted growth factor belonging to theheparin-binding growth factor family. It is produced by hepatocytes in response to fatty acid stimulation. FGF-21 couples with its co-factor beta-Klotho to signal through FGFR1c and FGFR4. Signal transduction results in insulin-independent uptake of glucose by adipocytes. Clinical administration of FGF-21 induces energy expenditure, fat utilization and lipid excretion.

BDNF, also known as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and abrineurin, is a neurotrophin belonging to the NGF-beta family. It is expressed highly in the brain, and moderately in the heart, lung, skeletal muscle and placenta. BDNF signals through its high affinity receptor gp145/trkB to exert neurotrophic properties. It has been shown to be involved in the survival and differentiation of both the central and peripheral nervous system. Specifically, BDNF regulates synaptic transmission, axonal growth and path-finding, as well as dendritic growth and morphology.

BDNF, also known as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and abrineurin, is a neurotrophin belonging to the NGF-beta family. It is expressed highly in the brain, and moderately in the heart, lung, skeletal muscle and placenta. BDNF signals through its high affinity receptor gp145/trkB to exert neurotrophic properties. It has been shown to be involved in the survival and differentiation of both the central and peripheral nervous system. Specifically, BDNF regulates synaptic transmission, axonal growth and path-finding, as well as dendritic growth and morphology.

Interleukin-7 (IL-7), also known as lymphopoietin 1 and pre-B cell factor, is a hematopoietic growth factor belonging to the IL-7/IL-9 family. It is produced by keratinocytes, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, neurons and epithelial cells. IL-7 binds and signals through IL-7 receptor, a heterodimer consisting of IL-7 receptor alpha and common gamma chain receptor. IL-7 plays a role in regulating early B cell and T cell development. It is also important for optimal dendritic cell-T cell interaction.

Interleukin-7 (IL-7), also known as lymphopoietin 1 and pre-B cell factor, is a hematopoietic growth factor belonging to the IL-7/IL-9 family. It is produced by keratinocytes, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, neurons and epithelial cells. IL-7 binds and signals through IL-7 receptor, a heterodimer consisting of IL-7 receptor alpha and common gamma chain receptor. IL-7 plays a role in regulating early B cell and T cell development. It is also important for optimal dendritic cell-T cell interaction.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12), also known as NKSF, TCMF, CLMF and TSF, is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. It is produced by monocytes, macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and intracellular pathogens. IL-12 signals through the IL-12 receptor complex, which is comprised of IL-12 Rβ1 and IL-12 Rβ2. IL-12 induces the proliferation and activation of hematopoietic stem cells, natural killer cells and T- cells. It is indispensible during the development of Th1 cells, leading to the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12), also known as NKSF, TCMF, CLMF and TSF, is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. It is produced by monocytes, macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and intracellular pathogens. IL-12 signals through the IL-12 receptor complex, which is comprised of IL-12 Rβ1 and IL-12 Rβ2. IL-12 induces the proliferation and activation of hematopoietic stem cells, natural killer cells and T- cells. It is indispensible during the development of Th1 cells, leading to the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12), also known as NKSF, TCMF, CLMF and TSF, is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. It is produced by monocytes, macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and intracellular pathogens. IL-12 signals through the IL-12 receptor complex, which is comprised of IL-12 Rβ1 and IL-12 Rβ2. IL-12 induces the proliferation and activation of hematopoietic stem cells, natural killer cells and T- cells. It is indispensible during the development of Th1 cells, leading to the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2.