Labelling

JOE dye is a fluorophore similar to TET, but less hydrophobic. The dye is often used for the labeling of nucleic acids. JOE alkyne can be conjugated with azides using copper catalyzed Click chemistry reaction.

ROX alkyne is an alkyne derivative of the bright red-emitting dye ROX (Rhodamine X, Rhodamine 101). Due to its quantum yield approaching unity, ROX is a popular dye for qPCR and microscopy applications. It is used for fluorescent labeling of azide-containing biomolecules via copper-catalyzed click reaction. This product is a pure 6-isomer of ROX. ROX is prone to oxidation; therefore, its derivatives should preferably be stored in an inert atmosphere.

Thiol-reactive, near infrared dye Cyanine7.5 for the labeling of protein SH groups, an analog of Cy7.5® maleimide. Most proteins contain sulfhydryl groups which can be selectively labeled with maleimides. With this reagent, these proteins can be converted to near infrared (NIR) fluorescent conjugates. After it, the conjugates can be used in non-invasive live organism imaging to study distribution of the protein in tissues and organs.

BP Fluor 430 hydrazide is a chemical reagent containing the BP Fluor 430 dye and a hydrazide group. Hydrazides can readily react with aldehydes such as those found on aldose-type sugars to form hydrazone bonds. BP Fluor 430 is a green fluorescent dye with excitation and emission maxima at 430 nm and 539 nm respectively.

sulfo-Cyanine5 is a sulfated derivative of Cyanine5 dye, well soluble in water because of two negatively charged sulfo groups in its structure. By its spectral characteristics, this far-red fluorescent dye is an analog of Cy5. Hydrazides efficiently react with aldehydes and ketones resulting in hydrazones, so this compound can be used for conjugation with carbonyl derivatives of biomolecules. The reaction runs in aqueous conditions, which is important when working with antibodies and proteins. Cys-diol groups in sugars in glycosylated proteins and antibodies can be oxidized into dialdehydes, and cysteine in proteins can be converted with enzymes to formyl glycerol (i. e. reactive groups for conjugation with sulfo-Cyanine5 hydrazide). Carboxyl groups of aspartic and glutamic acids in proteins and peptides can be also conjugated with sulfo-Cyanine5 hydrazide in the presence of activating agents: carbodiimide (EDAC) or methyl morpholine (DMTMM) derivatives.

BDP 576/589, a boron dipyrromethene dye, is an analog of BODIPY™ 576/589 dye. This hydrophobic dye with emission in the orange spectrum range has high quantum yield and high molar extinction coefficient. It is suitable for experiments measuring fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence polarization. This fluorophore can be used whether in wide-field and confocal microscopy or in multiphoton microscopy because of its high two-photon absorption cross-section. This derivative is a carboxylic acid (contains a free COOH-group). It can be used as a reference control and for conjugation with an amino group after activation with carbodiimides.

DusQ 21 is a fluorescence quencher. DusQ 21 possesses broad absorption in far red and NIR range, and can quench fluorescence of dyes that emit in this region. This is a carboxylic acid derivative. DusQ 21 has intense absorption maximum at 661 nm, making it useful as an acceptor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) applications. It is a common quencher for Cyanine5, Cyanine5.5, AF 647, or other spectrally similar fluorescent dyes.

BP Fluor 488 is a stable dye over a broad pH range (from 4 to 10) with the fluorescence peak in the green region (at 519 nm). Conjugates of biomolecules with BP Fluor 488 can be used in flow cytometry, for example in multicolor staining. BP Fluor 488 is also used in cell microscopy due to its high photostability. BP Fluor 488 amine is soluble in water and can be conjugated with electrophiles and participate in enzymatic transamination.

Cyanine7.5 is a NIR fluorescent dye. This reagent contains free amino group which can be used coupled with activated carboxylic acid derivatives.