Lipids

DOPE-PEG-Fluor 647, MW 2,000 is a PEG-lipid-dye conjugate with a DOPE phospholipid and a Fluor 647 cyanine dye joined together by a large PEG spacer. DOPE is an unsaturated phospholipid featured in the construction of lipid nanoparticles while Fluor 647 is a fluorescent dye that may be used in fluorescence microscopy among other in vivo applications.

DGTS (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-O-4'-[N,N,N-trimethyl]-homoserine) is a helper lipid that is structurally similar to DSPE or DOPE, but features a butanoate and a quaternary ammonium salt. Cationic lipids such as these are often used in lipid nanoparticle development.

18:1 PE (DOPE) pSar25 is a polysarcosine (pSar) derivative featuring an 18:1 PE head group and a 25-mer polysarcosine tail. Sarcosine is an amino acid derivated that is being developed as an alternative to PEG for in vivo applications due to its biodegradability and highly reduced antigenicity. pSar-lipid derivatives such as this may be applied in the development of lipid nanoparticles.

Beta-Sitosterol, a prominent plant phytosterol, shares similarities with cholesterol, as it can undergo oxidation, forming beta-sitosterol oxides. As a C-24 alkyl derivative, its tail and body variations impact size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Consequently, it shows promise in improving gene transfection capabilities.

Stigmasterol, a common unsaturated phytosterol found in plants, is a tetracyclic triterpene. It contains an extra double bond between C-22 and C-23, along with a C-24 ethyl group. These structural features influence the size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Stigmasterol's prevalence in various natural sources, including vegetable fats and oils, makes it a significant component with potential applications in improving gene transfection processes.

Campesterol, a phytosterol akin to cholesterol, features a shorter alkyl tail due to a C-24 methyl group. As a C-24 alkyl derivative, its tail and body variances impact the size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), enhancing its ability to potentially improve gene transfection capabilities.

Fucosterol, found abundantly in seaweed, exhibits limited flexibility in its tail due to unsaturation of the ethyl group. As a C-24 alkyl derivative, its tail and body variations influence the size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). This characteristic enhances its potential to improve gene transfection capabilities.

Brassicasterol, a 28-carbon sterol, is produced by various unicellular algae (phytoplankton) and certain terrestrial plants. Its tail region contains a C-24 methyl analog with one double bond, providing low rigidity. As a C-24 alkyl derivative, its tail and body variations impact the size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). These structural features influence its potential in gene transfection capabilities.

Ergosterol, a sterol found in fungal cell membranes, plays a role in maintaining membrane integrity, akin to cholesterol in mammals. It features a moderately rigid C-24 methyl analog with one double bond in the tail region and another in the body region. As a C-24 alkyl derivative, its tail and body variations affect the size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).