Cytokines & Chemokines

Betacellulin (BTC) is a member of the EGF family of growth factors that also includes EGF, TGF-α, Amphiregulin, HB-EGF, Epiregulin, Tomoregulin, Heregulin and Neuregulins. Mature human BTC protein exhibits 80% amino acidsimilarity with mouse BTC protein. BTC is expressed in most tissues including kidney, uterus, liver and pancreas. It is also present in body fluids, including serum, milk, and colostrum. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to a mature molecule by proteolytic events. BTC signals through the EGF receptor.

Betacellulin (BTC) is a member of the EGF family of growth factors that also includes EGF, TGF-α, Amphiregulin, HB-EGF, Epiregulin, Tomoregulin, Heregulin and Neuregulins. Mature human BTC protein exhibits 80% amino acidsimilarity with mouse BTC protein. BTC is expressed in most tissues including kidney, uterus, liver and pancreas. It is also present in body fluids, including serum, milk, and colostrum. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to a mature molecule by proteolytic events. BTC signals through the EGF receptor.

Amphiregulin is a member of the EGF family of cytokines, which comprises at least ten proteins including EGF, TGF-α, HB-EGF, Epiregulin, Tomoregulin, Neuregulins and the various heregulins. Through the EGF/TGF-α receptor, it stimulates growth of keratinocytes, epithelial cells and some fibroblasts. Amphiregulin also inhibits the growth of certain carcinoma cell lines. Synthesized as a transmembrane protein, Amphiregulin’s extracellular domain is proteolytically processed to release the mature protein.

Amphiregulin is a member of the EGF family of cytokines, which comprises at least ten proteins including EGF, TGF-α, HB-EGF, Epiregulin, Tomoregulin, Neuregulins and the various heregulins. Through the EGF/TGF-α receptor, it stimulates growth of keratinocytes, epithelial cells and some fibroblasts. Amphiregulin also inhibits the growth of certain carcinoma cell lines. Synthesized as a transmembrane protein, Amphiregulin’s extracellular domain is proteolytically processed to release the mature protein.

TNF Receptor Type I, is also known as TNF R-p55/p60 and TNFRSF1A. It is a type I transmembrane protein member of the TNF receptor superfamily. It is expressed in most cell types. Binding of either TNF-α or TNF-β to TNF-R1 initiates a signal transduction pathway that results in the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, whose target genes are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses, and, in certain cells, induce apoptosis. TNF-R1 is essential for proper development of lymph node germinal centers and Peyer’s patches and for combating intracellular pathogens such as Listeria. It is stored in the Golgi and translocates to the cell surface following proinflammatory stimuli.

TNF Receptor Type I, is also known as TNF R-p55/p60 and TNFRSF1A. It is a type I transmembrane protein member of the TNF receptor superfamily. It is expressed in most cell types. Binding of either TNF-α or TNF-β to TNF-R1 initiates a signal transduction pathway that results in the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, whose target genes are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses, and, in certain cells, induce apoptosis. TNF-R1 is essential for proper development of lymph node germinal centers and Peyer’s patches and for combating intracellular pathogens such as Listeria. It is stored in the Golgi and translocates to the cell surface following proinflammatory stimuli.

NGF Receptor, also known as Gp80-LNGFR, p75 ICD, CD271 and TNFRSF16, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the TNF receptor family. It is expressed by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Signaling through NGF Receptor has been shown to regulate gene expression, cell migration and death. A truncated NGF Receptor containing only the extracellular domain has been detected in plasma, amniotic fluid and urine, and acts as a potent NGF antagonist.

NGF Receptor, also known as Gp80-LNGFR, p75 ICD, CD271 and TNFRSF16, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the TNF receptor family. It is expressed by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Signaling through NGF Receptor has been shown to regulate gene expression, cell migration and death. A truncated NGF Receptor containing only the extracellular domain has been detected in plasma, amniotic fluid and urine, and acts as a potent NGF antagonist.

NGF Receptor, also known as Gp80-LNGFR, p75 ICD, CD271 and TNFRSF16, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the TNF receptor family. It is expressed by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Signaling through NGF Receptor has been shown to regulate gene expression, cell migration and death. A truncated NGF Receptor containing only the extracellular domain has been detected in plasma, amniotic fluid and urine, and acts as a potent NGF antagonist.