Cytokines & Chemokines

Tyrosine kinase receptor A (Trk-A) is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family which includes three members: Trk-A, Trk-B and Trk-C. Trk-A is involved in the development and maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic neurons.

Tyrosine kinase receptor A (Trk-A) is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family which includes three members: Trk-A, Trk-B and Trk-C. Trk-A is involved in the development and maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic neurons.

Tyrosine kinase receptor A (Trk-A) is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family which includes three members: Trk-A, Trk-B and Trk-C. Trk-A is involved in the development and maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic neurons.

Interleukin-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that was originally detected in the conditioned medium of an IL-1α-stimulated primate bone marrow stromal cell line (PU-34) as a mitogen for the IL-6-responsive mouse plasmacytoma cell line T11. IL-11 has multiple effects on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Many of the biological effects described for IL-11 overlap with those for IL-6. In vitro, IL-11 can synergize with IL-3, IL-4 and SCF to shorten the G0 period of early hematopoietic progenitors. IL-11 also enhances the IL-3-dependent megakaryocyte colony formation. IL-11 has been found to stimulate the T cell-dependent development of specific immunoglobulin-secreting B cells.

Interleukin-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that was originally detected in the conditioned medium of an IL-1α-stimulated primate bone marrow stromal cell line (PU-34) as a mitogen for the IL-6-responsive mouse plasmacytoma cell line T11. IL-11 has multiple effects on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Many of the biological effects described for IL-11 overlap with those for IL-6. In vitro, IL-11 can synergize with IL-3, IL-4 and SCF to shorten the G0 period of early hematopoietic progenitors. IL-11 also enhances the IL-3-dependent megakaryocyte colony formation. IL-11 has been found to stimulate the T cell-dependent development of specific immunoglobulin-secreting B cells.

Interleukin-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that was originally detected in the conditioned medium of an IL-1α-stimulated primate bone marrow stromal cell line (PU-34) as a mitogen for the IL-6-responsive mouse plasmacytoma cell line T11. IL-11 has multiple effects on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Many of the biological effects described for IL-11 overlap with those for IL-6. In vitro, IL-11 can synergize with IL-3, IL-4 and SCF to shorten the G0 period of early hematopoietic progenitors. IL-11 also enhances the IL-3-dependent megakaryocyte colony formation. IL-11 has been found to stimulate the T cell-dependent development of specific immunoglobulin-secreting B cells.

Interferon-beta (IFN-β), acting via STAT1 and STAT2, is known to upregulate and downregulate a wide variety of genes, most of which are involved in the antiviral immune response. It is a member of Type I IFNs, which include IFN-α, -β, τ, and –ω. IFN-β plays an important role in inducing non-specific resistance against a broad range of viral infections. It also affects cell proliferation and modulates immune responses.

Interferon-beta (IFN-β), acting via STAT1 and STAT2, is known to upregulate and downregulate a wide variety of genes, most of which are involved in the antiviral immune response. It is a member of Type I IFNs, which include IFN-α, -β, τ, and –ω. IFN-β plays an important role in inducing non-specific resistance against a broad range of viral infections. It also affects cell proliferation and modulates immune responses.

Stem cell factor (also known as SCF, KIT-ligand, KL, or steel factor) is a cytokine that binds to the c-KIT receptor (CD117). SCF can exist both as a transmembrane protein and a soluble protein. It stimulates the proliferation of myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid progenitors in bone marrow cultures and has been shown to act synergistically with colony stimulating factors. SCF plays an important role in the hematopoiesis during embryonic development. SCF can regulates HSCs in the stem cell niche in the bone marrow. SCF has been shown to increase the survival of HSCs in vitro and contributes to the self-renewal and maintenance of HSCs in-vivo.