Cytokines & Chemokines

IGF-BP-2, also known as Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, IBP-2 and BP-2, is a cysteine-rich secreted protein belonging to the IGF-binding protein superfamily. It is expressed by the central nervous system, bone cells and reproductive tissues. IGF-BP-2 binds to both IGF-I and IGF-II, with a much higher binding affinity to IGF-II than IGF-I. IGF-BP-2 has been shown to inhibitand stimulate the growth promoting effects of IGFs, thus serving as a regulator for IGF distribution, function and activity.

IGF-BP-2, also known as Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, IBP-2 and BP-2, is a cysteine-rich secreted protein belonging to the IGF-binding protein superfamily. It is expressed by the central nervous system, bone cells and reproductive tissues. IGF-BP-2 binds to both IGF-I and IGF-II, with a much higher binding affinity to IGF-II than IGF-I. IGF-BP-2 has been shown to inhibitand stimulate the growth promoting effects of IGFs, thus serving as a regulator for IGF distribution, function and activity.

EGF Receptor, also known as ERBB, ERBB1 and HER1, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the tyrosine protein kinase family. It belongs to a family of tyrosine kinase receptors including Human EGF Receptors (HER) 2, 3, and 4 which all play important roles in cell growth and differentiation. Their primary ligands are EGF, Heparin-Binding EGF and Transforming Growth Factor α. Upon ligand binding, EGFR undergoes asymmetric dimerization, composed of an “activator” and a “receiver”. EGFR and its family members are disregulated in numerous cancers. In particular, EGFR is overexpressed in many epithelial solid tumors. Evidence suggests EGFR is an excellent target for pharmacologic intervention in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) due to its high level of expression and prominent role in tumor growth and metastasis.

EGF Receptor, also known as ERBB, ERBB1 and HER1, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the tyrosine protein kinase family. It belongs to a family of tyrosine kinase receptors including Human EGF Receptors (HER) 2, 3, and 4 which all play important roles in cell growth and differentiation. Their primary ligands are EGF, Heparin-Binding EGF and Transforming Growth Factor α. Upon ligand binding, EGFR undergoes asymmetric dimerization, composed of an “activator” and a “receiver”. EGFR and its family members are disregulated in numerous cancers. In particular, EGFR is overexpressed in many epithelial solid tumors. Evidence suggests EGFR is an excellent target for pharmacologic intervention in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) due to its high level of expression and prominent role in tumor growth and metastasis.

EGF Receptor, also known as ERBB, ERBB1 and HER1, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the tyrosine protein kinase family. It belongs to a family of tyrosine kinase receptors including Human EGF Receptors (HER) 2, 3, and 4 which all play important roles in cell growth and differentiation. Their primary ligands are EGF, Heparin-Binding EGF and Transforming Growth Factor α. Upon ligand binding, EGFR undergoes asymmetric dimerization, composed of an “activator” and a “receiver”. EGFR and its family members are disregulated in numerous cancers. In particular, EGFR is overexpressed in many epithelial solid tumors. Evidence suggests EGFR is an excellent target for pharmacologic intervention in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) due to its high level of expression and prominent role in tumor growth and metastasis.

Noggin, also known as NOG, is a homodimeric glycoprotein that bindsto and modulates the activity of TGF-beta family ligands. It is expressed in condensing cartilage and immature chondrocytes. Noggin antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activities by blocking epitopes on BMPs needed for binding to their receptors. Noggin has been shown to be involved in many developmental processes, such as neural tube formation and joint formation. During development, Noggin diffuses through extracellular matrices and forms morphogenic gradients, regulating cellular responses dependent on the local concentration of the signaling molecule.

Noggin, also known as NOG, is a homodimeric glycoprotein that bindsto and modulates the activity of TGF-beta family ligands. It is expressed in condensing cartilage and immature chondrocytes. Noggin antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activities by blocking epitopes on BMPs needed for binding to their receptors. Noggin has been shown to be involved in many developmental processes, such as neural tube formation and joint formation. During development, Noggin diffuses through extracellular matrices and forms morphogenic gradients, regulating cellular responses dependent on the local concentration of the signaling molecule.

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. It has important effects on the growth and differentiation of different immunologically competent cells. Interleukin-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of native CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) into helper Th2 cells, and regulates the immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. IL-4 has numerous important biological functions including stimulating B-cells activation, T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cells differentiation to Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in hormone control and adaptive immunity. IL-4 also plays a major role in inflammation response and wound repair via activation of macrophage into M2 cells. IL-4 is stabilized by three disulphide bonds forming a compact globular protein structure. Four alpha-helix bundle with left-handed twist is dominated half

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. It has important effects on the growth and differentiation of different immunologically competent cells. Interleukin-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of native CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) into helper Th2 cells, and regulates the immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. IL-4 has numerous important biological functions including stimulating B-cells activation, T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cells differentiation to Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in hormone control and adaptive immunity. IL-4 also plays a major role in inflammation response and wound repair via activation of macrophage into M2 cells. IL-4 is stabilized by three disulphide bonds forming a compact globular protein structure. Four alpha-helix bundle with left-handed twist is dominated half