Cytokines & Chemokines

Recombinant Human PD-L2 Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-38). Programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2), or B7-DC, is a member of the B7 ligand family within the immunoglobulin superfamily that, along with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), acts as a ligand for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Though expressed primarily in dendritic cells, PD-L2 expression can be induced on a wide variety of immune and non-immune cells depending on the microenvironment. PD-L2 expression is particularly upregulated in the presence of Th2 cytokine, IL-4, as well as Th1 cytokines, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma to a lesser degree. While generally expressed at lower levels compared to PD-L1, PD-L2 demonstrates a 2 to 6 times higher relative affinity to PD-1 than PD-L1. PD-1 and its ligands are referred to as inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in that they provide useful negative feedback during physiological homeostasis. Ligation of PD-L2 or PD-L1 inhibits activation, proliferation, and cytokine secretion (e.g.

Recombinant Human PD-L2 Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-38). Programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2), or B7-DC, is a member of the B7 ligand family within the immunoglobulin superfamily that, along with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), acts as a ligand for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Though expressed primarily in dendritic cells, PD-L2 expression can be induced on a wide variety of immune and non-immune cells depending on the microenvironment. PD-L2 expression is particularly upregulated in the presence of Th2 cytokine, IL-4, as well as Th1 cytokines, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma to a lesser degree. While generally expressed at lower levels compared to PD-L1, PD-L2 demonstrates a 2 to 6 times higher relative affinity to PD-1 than PD-L1. PD-1 and its ligands are referred to as inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in that they provide useful negative feedback during physiological homeostasis. Ligation of PD-L2 or PD-L1 inhibits activation, proliferation, and cytokine secretion (e.g.

Recombinant Human ICOS Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-39). Inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) is a T cell-specific, surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily that binds inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL), alternatively referred to as B7-H2, to play a critical role in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). ICOS joins CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-1 as a member of the growing CD28/CTLA-4 family of costimulatory immunoreceptors that function synergistically with members of the B7 family of transmembrane ligands, including B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1 (PD-L1), B7-H2 and PD-L2, to constitute crucial costimulatory pathways for T cell and B cell regulatory responses. As the main receptor of B7-H2, ICOS can have both negative and positive influence over immune response, including the direct downregulation of B7-H2, and is critically involved in the immunosuppression of tumor-associated memory CD4+ T-cells. Interaction between ICOS and B7-H2 on the surface of antigen presenting

Recombinant Human ICOS Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-39). Inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) is a T cell-specific, surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily that binds inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL), alternatively referred to as B7-H2, to play a critical role in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). ICOS joins CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-1 as a member of the growing CD28/CTLA-4 family of costimulatory immunoreceptors that function synergistically with members of the B7 family of transmembrane ligands, including B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1 (PD-L1), B7-H2 and PD-L2, to constitute crucial costimulatory pathways for T cell and B cell regulatory responses. As the main receptor of B7-H2, ICOS can have both negative and positive influence over immune response, including the direct downregulation of B7-H2, and is critically involved in the immunosuppression of tumor-associated memory CD4+ T-cells. Interaction between ICOS and B7-H2 on the surface of antigen presenting

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-40). Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or CD279, is a type I inhibitory transmembrane receptor of the CD28 receptor family that, along with its B7 family ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. While other CD28 family members are expressed predominantly in T cells, PD-1 is widely expressed and found in multiple lymphocytes including T cells, B cells, myeloid, and NKT cells upon activation. PD-1 is a negative regulator of immune response, and is referred to as an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule. Ligation with PD-L1 or PD-L2 results in inhibited activation, proliferation, and cytokine secretion (e.g. IFN-gamma, IL-10) in T cells, ultimately dampening immune response. Despite the strong homology between PD-L1 and PD-L2, each ligand appears to display distinct lymphokine expression patterns and potency. Blockage of PD-1 ligation by monoclona

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-40). Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or CD279, is a type I inhibitory transmembrane receptor of the CD28 receptor family that, along with its B7 family ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. While other CD28 family members are expressed predominantly in T cells, PD-1 is widely expressed and found in multiple lymphocytes including T cells, B cells, myeloid, and NKT cells upon activation. PD-1 is a negative regulator of immune response, and is referred to as an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule. Ligation with PD-L1 or PD-L2 results in inhibited activation, proliferation, and cytokine secretion (e.g. IFN-gamma, IL-10) in T cells, ultimately dampening immune response. Despite the strong homology between PD-L1 and PD-L2, each ligand appears to display distinct lymphokine expression patterns and potency. Blockage of PD-1 ligation by monoclona

Recombinant Human TMIGD2/CD28H Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-42). Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 (TMIGD2), or CD28H, is a type I costimulatory transmembrane receptor of the CD28 receptor family that functions as both an adhesion molecule and regulator of T cell function. TMIGD2 is constitutively expressed on naive T cells and NK cells, although expression is rapidly lost upon stimulation. Interaction with its ligand, B7-H7/HHLA2, co-stimulates T cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as increases cytokine production through the Akt pathway. TMIGD2 is also widely expressed on cells of epithelial and endothelial origin where it regulates cell morphology and cell-cell interaction, reduces cell migration and promotes angiogenesis. The cytoplasmic tail of TMIGD2 interacts with SH3-containing signaling molecules, such as SPIN90, CACNB2, BPAG1 and MIA, to modulate angiogenesis. CHO cell-derived Recombinant Human TMGID2/CD28H Fc is a glycosylated, disulf

Recombinant Human TMIGD2/CD28H Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-42). Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 (TMIGD2), or CD28H, is a type I costimulatory transmembrane receptor of the CD28 receptor family that functions as both an adhesion molecule and regulator of T cell function. TMIGD2 is constitutively expressed on naive T cells and NK cells, although expression is rapidly lost upon stimulation. Interaction with its ligand, B7-H7/HHLA2, co-stimulates T cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as increases cytokine production through the Akt pathway. TMIGD2 is also widely expressed on cells of epithelial and endothelial origin where it regulates cell morphology and cell-cell interaction, reduces cell migration and promotes angiogenesis. The cytoplasmic tail of TMIGD2 interacts with SH3-containing signaling molecules, such as SPIN90, CACNB2, BPAG1 and MIA, to modulate angiogenesis. CHO cell-derived Recombinant Human TMGID2/CD28H Fc is a glycosylated, disulf

Recombinant Human BTLA Fc (Legacy Tebubio ref. 167310-43). B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), or CD272, is a type I transmembrane co-inhibitory receptor of the CD28 receptor family that is involved in modulating adaptive immune responses and T cell co-stimulation. BTLA acts in a manner similar to PD-1 and CTLA-4, the other inhibitory receptors of the CD28 family, as an anti-inflammatory molecule crucial to dampening immune response. Expressed most prominently in T cells, including Th1, Th2, CD4+, and CD8+ cells, BTLA can also be found in B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Ligation of BTLA with HVEM, a member of the TNF receptor super family (TNFRSF), induces tyrosine phosphorylation of ITIM and ITSM motifs found within the BTLA cytoplasmic domain, resulting in association with SHP-1 and SHP-2. While HVEM's interactions with the ligands LIGHT and Lymphotoxin-alpha induce a powerful stimulatory immune response, the interaction of BTLA and HVEM attenuates T cell proli