Cytokines & Chemokines

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus con- centration in extracellular fluid. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds Parathyroid Hormone’s major target cells in bone and kidney. Like most other protein hormones, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is synthesized as a preprohormone. After intracellular processing, the mature hormone is packaged within the Golgi into secretory vesicles, the secreted into blood by exocytosis. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is secreted as a linear protein of 84 amino acids. Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 84 amino acids.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus con- centration in extracellular fluid. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds Parathyroid Hormone’s major target cells in bone and kidney. Like most other protein hormones, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is synthesized as a preprohormone. After intracellular processing, the mature hormone is packaged within the Golgi into secretory vesicles, the secreted into blood by exocytosis. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is secreted as a linear protein of 84 amino acids. Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 84 amino acids.

CD40 Ligand (CD40L/CD154/TRAP) is a membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells. The CD40 ligand stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. It also costimulates proliferation of activated T-cell and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL2. CD40 ligand has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes.

CD40 Ligand (CD40L/CD154/TRAP) is a membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells. The CD40 ligand stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. It also costimulates proliferation of activated T-cell and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL2. CD40 ligand has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes.

CD40 Ligand (CD40L/CD154/TRAP) is a membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells. The CD40 ligand stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. It also costimulates proliferation of activated T-cell and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL2. CD40 ligand has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes.

Growth Hormone (GH), is a member of the somatotropin / prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature.

Growth Hormone (GH), is a member of the somatotropin / prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature.

Growth Hormone (GH), is a member of the somatotropin / prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature.

IL-16 is a CD8+ T cell-derived cytokine that induces chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells and CD4+ monocytes and eosinophils. Analysis by gel filtration suggests that, under physiological conditions, human IL-16 exists predominantly as a noncovalently linked multimer, but that some IL-16 may exist as a monomer. However, only the multimeric form appears to possess chemotactic activity, suggesting that receptor cross-linking may be required for activity. IL-16 also induces expression of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and MHC class II molecules on CD4+ T cells. Human and murine IL-16 show significant cross-species reactivity.