Cytokines & Chemokines

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. It has important effects on the growth and differentiation of different immunologically competent cells. Interleukin-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of native CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) into helper Th2 cells, and regulates the immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. IL-4 has numerous important biological functions including stimulating B-cells activation, T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cells differentiation to Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in hormone control and adaptive immunity. IL-4 also plays a major role in inflammation response and wound repair via activation of macrophage into M2 cells. IL-4 is stabilized by three disulphide bonds forming a compact globular protein structure. Four alpha-helix bundle with left-handed twist is dominated half

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. It has important effects on the growth and differentiation of different immunologically competent cells. Interleukin-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of native CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) into helper Th2 cells, and regulates the immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. IL-4 has numerous important biological functions including stimulating B-cells activation, T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cells differentiation to Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in hormone control and adaptive immunity. IL-4 also plays a major role in inflammation response and wound repair via activation of macrophage into M2 cells. IL-4 is stabilized by three disulphide bonds forming a compact globular protein structure. Four alpha-helix bundle with left-handed twist is dominated half

Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is growth fator stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic multipotent progenitors and promotes proliferation of NK cells and dendritic cell subgroups by combination with other growth factors. Flt3L is produced by T cells and stromal fibroblasts, and targeted various cells including hematopoietic stem cells, B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells. Flt3L binds to it cognate tyrosine kinase receptor Flt3 and activates JAK/STAT signaling pathway.Flt3L is a hematopoietic four helical bundle cytokine with structurally homologous to stem cell factor (SCF) and colony stimulating facor 1 (CSF-1) demonstrated four conserved cysteines and two glycosylation sites. Flt3L naturally as a non-disulfide-linked homodimer with multiple isoforms. The extracellular portion is approximately 160 amino acid residues in length and the cytoplasmic segment is approximately 20-30 amino acid residues in length.

Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is growth fator stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic multipotent progenitors and promotes proliferation of NK cells and dendritic cell subgroups by combination with other growth factors. Flt3L is produced by T cells and stromal fibroblasts, and targeted various cells including hematopoietic stem cells, B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells. Flt3L binds to it cognate tyrosine kinase receptor Flt3 and activates JAK/STAT signaling pathway.Flt3L is a hematopoietic four helical bundle cytokine with structurally homologous to stem cell factor (SCF) and colony stimulating facor 1 (CSF-1) demonstrated four conserved cysteines and two glycosylation sites. Flt3L naturally as a non-disulfide-linked homodimer with multiple isoforms. The extracellular portion is approximately 160 amino acid residues in length and the cytoplasmic segment is approximately 20-30 amino acid residues in length.

Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is growth fator stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic multipotent progenitors and promotes proliferation of NK cells and dendritic cell subgroups by combination with other growth factors. Flt3L is produced by T cells and stromal fibroblasts, and targeted various cells including hematopoietic stem cells, B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells. Flt3L binds to it cognate tyrosine kinase receptor Flt3 and activates JAK/STAT signaling pathway.Flt3L is a hematopoietic four helical bundle cytokine with structurally homologous to stem cell factor (SCF) and colony stimulating facor 1 (CSF-1) demonstrated four conserved cysteines and two glycosylation sites. Flt3L naturally as a non-disulfide-linked homodimer with multiple isoforms. The extracellular portion is approximately 160 amino acid residues in length and the cytoplasmic segment is approximately 20-30 amino acid residues in length.

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. It has important effects on the growth and differentiation of different immunologically competent cells. Interleukin-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of native CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) into helper Th2 cells, and regulates the immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. IL-4 has numerous important biological functions including stimulating B-cells activation, T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cells differentiation to Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in hormone control and adaptive immunity. IL-4 also plays a major role in inflammation response and wound repair via activation of macrophage into M2 cells. IL-4 is stabilized by three disulphide bonds forming a compact globular protein structure. Four alpha-helix bundle with left-handed twist is dominated half

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. It has important effects on the growth and differentiation of different immunologically competent cells. Interleukin-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of native CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) into helper Th2 cells, and regulates the immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. IL-4 has numerous important biological functions including stimulating B-cells activation, T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cells differentiation to Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in hormone control and adaptive immunity. IL-4 also plays a major role in inflammation response and wound repair via activation of macrophage into M2 cells. IL-4 is stabilized by three disulphide bonds forming a compact globular protein structure. Four alpha-helix bundle with left-handed twist is dominated half

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. It has important effects on the growth and differentiation of different immunologically competent cells. Interleukin-4 is produced by mast cells, T cells, and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-4 regulates the differentiation of native CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) into helper Th2 cells, and regulates the immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. IL-4 has numerous important biological functions including stimulating B-cells activation, T-cell proliferation and CD4+ T-cells differentiation to Th2 cells. It is a key regulator in hormone control and adaptive immunity. IL-4 also plays a major role in inflammation response and wound repair via activation of macrophage into M2 cells. IL-4 is stabilized by three disulphide bonds forming a compact globular protein structure. Four alpha-helix bundle with left-handed twist is dominated half

Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF), also known as Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1), is a hematopoietic growth factor. It can stimulate the survival, proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, in addition to the spreading and motility of macrophages. In mammals, it exits three isoforms, which invariably share an N-terminal 32-aa signal peptide, a 149-residue growth factor domain, a 21-residue transmembrane region and a 37-aa cytoplasmictail. M-CSF is mainly produced by monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. M-CSF interaction with its receptor, c-fms, has been implicated in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of of several diseases, including breast and endometrial cancers. The biological activity of human M-CSF is maintained within the 149-aa growth factor domain, and it is only active in the disulfide-linked dimeric form, which is bonded at Cys63.