Cytokines & Chemokines

Interferon-Alpha 2a (IFN-Alpha 2a), Human produced by leukocytes is a member of Interferon family. IFN-alpha is mainly involved in innate immune response against a broad range of viral infections. IFN-alpha 2 has three acid stable forms (a,b,c) signaling through IFNAR2. IFN-alpha 2a shares 99.4% , 98.8% aa sequence identity with IFN-alpha 2b and 2c respectively. IFN-alpha contains four highly conserved cysteine residues which form two disulfide bonds, one of which is necessary for biological activity.

Growth Hormone (GH) is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family which play an important role in growth control. The human GH cDNA encodes a 217 amino acid (aa), and the first 26 aa is a signal peptide. By alternative splicing, at least four isoforms of GH have been identified. The major role of GH in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1. GH stimulates both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, and also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues.

Growth Hormone (GH) is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family which play an important role in growth control. The human GH cDNA encodes a 217 amino acid (aa), and the first 26 aa is a signal peptide. By alternative splicing, at least four isoforms of GH have been identified. The major role of GH in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1. GH stimulates both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, and also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues.

Growth Hormone (GH) is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family which play an important role in growth control. The human GH cDNA encodes a 217 amino acid (aa), and the first 26 aa is a signal peptide. By alternative splicing, at least four isoforms of GH have been identified. The major role of GH in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1. GH stimulates both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, and also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A164 (VEGF-A164), a member of the cysteine knot growth factor, is one of major isoforms of VEGF-As. VEGF-As are endothelial cell-specific mitogens with angiogenic and vascular permeability-inducing properties. During maturation, rat VEGF-A is alternatively spliced to generate rVEGF-A120, rVEGF-A164 and rVEGF-A188 which correspond to hVEGF-A121, hVEGF-A165 and hVEGF-A189 in human, respectively (the numbers designate the amino acid residues). The active form of rVEGF-A164 is either a homodimeric or heterodimeric polypeptides which bind to the transmembrane tyrosine kinases receptors FLT1, FLK1 or KDR or to the non-tyrosine kinase neuropilin receptors NRP1/2.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A164 (VEGF-A164), a member of the cysteine knot growth factor, is one of major isoforms of VEGF-As. VEGF-As are endothelial cell-specific mitogens with angiogenic and vascular permeability-inducing properties. During maturation, rat VEGF-A is alternatively spliced to generate rVEGF-A120, rVEGF-A164 and rVEGF-A188 which correspond to hVEGF-A121, hVEGF-A165 and hVEGF-A189 in human, respectively (the numbers designate the amino acid residues). The active form of rVEGF-A164 is either a homodimeric or heterodimeric polypeptides which bind to the transmembrane tyrosine kinases receptors FLT1, FLK1 or KDR or to the non-tyrosine kinase neuropilin receptors NRP1/2.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A164 (VEGF-A164), a member of the cysteine knot growth factor, is one of major isoforms of VEGF-As. VEGF-As are endothelial cell-specific mitogens with angiogenic and vascular permeability-inducing properties. During maturation, rat VEGF-A is alternatively spliced to generate rVEGF-A120, rVEGF-A164 and rVEGF-A188 which correspond to hVEGF-A121, hVEGF-A165 and hVEGF-A189 in human, respectively (the numbers designate the amino acid residues). The active form of rVEGF-A164 is either a homodimeric or heterodimeric polypeptides which bind to the transmembrane tyrosine kinases receptors FLT1, FLK1 or KDR or to the non-tyrosine kinase neuropilin receptors NRP1/2.

Interleukin-5 (IL-5), produced by mast cells, T cells and eosinophils, is responsible for the activities attributed to eosinophil differentiating factor, B cell growth factor II and T cell-replacing factor (TRF). It can increase production and mobilization of eosinophils and CD34+ progenitors from the bone marrow. IL-5 plays an important role in inducing cell-mediated immunity against parasitic infections and certain tumors. IL-5 also promotes differentiation of basophils and primes them for histamine and leukotriene release.

Interleukin-5 (IL-5), produced by mast cells, T cells and eosinophils, is responsible for the activities attributed to eosinophil differentiating factor, B cell growth factor II and T cell-replacing factor (TRF). It can increase production and mobilization of eosinophils and CD34+ progenitors from the bone marrow. IL-5 plays an important role in inducing cell-mediated immunity against parasitic infections and certain tumors. IL-5 also promotes differentiation of basophils and primes them for histamine and leukotriene release.