Cytokines & Chemokines

Interleukin-5 (IL-5), produced by mast cells, T cells and eosinophils, is responsible for the activities attributed to eosinophil differentiating factor, B cell growth factor II and T cell-replacing factor (TRF). It can increase production and mobilization of eosinophils and CD34+ progenitors from the bone marrow. IL-5 plays an important role in inducing cell-mediated immunity against parasitic infections and certain tumors. IL-5 also promotes differentiation of basophils and primes them for histamine and leukotriene release.

Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF), also known as Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1), is a hematopoietic growth factor. It can stimulate the survival, proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, in addition to the spreading and motility of macrophages. In mammals, it exits three isoforms, which invariably share an N-terminal 32-aa signal peptide, a 149-residue growth factor domain, a 21-residue transmembrane region and a 37-aa cytoplasmictail. M-CSF is mainly produced by monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. M-CSF interaction with its receptor, c-fms, has been implicated in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of of several diseases, including breast and endometrial cancers. The biological activity of human M-CSF is maintained within the 149-aa growth factor domain, and it is only active in the disulfide-linked dimeric form, which is bonded at Cys63.

Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF), also known as Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1), is a hematopoietic growth factor. It can stimulate the survival, proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, in addition to the spreading and motility of macrophages. In mammals, it exits three isoforms, which invariably share an N-terminal 32-aa signal peptide, a 149-residue growth factor domain, a 21-residue transmembrane region and a 37-aa cytoplasmictail. M-CSF is mainly produced by monocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. M-CSF interaction with its receptor, c-fms, has been implicated in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of of several diseases, including breast and endometrial cancers. The biological activity of human M-CSF is maintained within the 149-aa growth factor domain, and it is only active in the disulfide-linked dimeric form, which is bonded at Cys63.

Fibroblast Growth Factor-18 (FGF-18) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is a member of the FGF family. FGF-18 signals through FGFR 1c, 2c, 3c, and 4. FGF-18 plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. FGF-18 is required for normal ossification and bone development. It can also stimulate hepatic and intestinal proliferation.

Fibroblast Growth Factor-18 (FGF-18) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is a member of the FGF family. FGF-18 signals through FGFR 1c, 2c, 3c, and 4. FGF-18 plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. FGF-18 is required for normal ossification and bone development. It can also stimulate hepatic and intestinal proliferation.

Fibroblast Growth Factor-18 (FGF-18) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is a member of the FGF family. FGF-18 signals through FGFR 1c, 2c, 3c, and 4. FGF-18 plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. FGF-18 is required for normal ossification and bone development. It can also stimulate hepatic and intestinal proliferation.

Growth Hormone (GH) is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family which play an important role in growth control. The human GH cDNA encodes a 217 amino acid (aa), and the first 26 aa is a signal peptide. By alternative splicing, at least four isoforms of GH have been identified. The major role of GH in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1. GH stimulates both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, and also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues.

Growth Hormone (GH) is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family which play an important role in growth control. The human GH cDNA encodes a 217 amino acid (aa), and the first 26 aa is a signal peptide. By alternative splicing, at least four isoforms of GH have been identified. The major role of GH in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1. GH stimulates both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, and also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues.

Growth Hormone (GH) is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family which play an important role in growth control. The human GH cDNA encodes a 217 amino acid (aa), and the first 26 aa is a signal peptide. By alternative splicing, at least four isoforms of GH have been identified. The major role of GH in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1. GH stimulates both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, and also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues.