Other Proteins

Co-chaperone for HSP70 and HSC70 chaperone proteins. Acts as a nucleotide-exchange factor (NEF) promoting the release of ADP from the HSP70 and HSC70 proteins thereby triggering client/substrate protein release. Nucleotide release is mediated via its binding to the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of HSPA8/HSC70 where as the substrate release is mediated via its binding to the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of HSPA8/HSC70.

Zinc-α-2-Glycoprotein (AZGP1) can be found in blood plasma; seminal plasma; urine; sweat; saliva; liver; and epithelial cells of various human glands. AZGP1 has been proposed in the regulation of body weight; and the melanin production by normal and malignant melanocytes. AZGP1 stimulates lipid degradation in adipocytes and causes the extensive fat losses associated with some advanced cancers. AZGP1 has been reported to stimulate lipid breakdown and may have an important role in lipid homeostasis. Mature human AZGP1 consists of one MHC class I antigen region and a C2-type Ig-like domain. AZGP1 has two alternate splice forms; one shows a 66 amino acids substitution for the C-terminal 30 amino acids; the other one shows a nine Lys substitution for amino acid 151-298.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an enzyme that degrades components of the extracellular matrix and thus plays a pivotal role in cell migration during physiological and pathological processes. MMP-2 expression is dependent on extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN); Her2/neu; growth factors; cytokines; and hormones. Pro-MMP-2 activation needs MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 contribution. MMP-2 is changed in distribution and increased in amount in the ventral cochlear nucleus after unilateral cochlear ablation. A low level of MMP-2 is linked to favorable prognosis in patients with a hormone receptor-negative tumor; usually associated with high risk. As a zymogen requiring proteolytic activation for catalytic activity; MMP-2 has been implicated broadly in the invasion and metastasis of many cancer model systems; including human breast cancer (HBC). Blocking MMP-2 secretion and activation during breast carcinoma development may decrease metastasis. The detection of active MMP-2 a

Resistin is an adipocytokine; which has been studied for its role in insulin resistance and recently in inflammation. The RETN and CAP1 polymorphisms and gene expression may be potential biomarkers for breast cancer risk. Resistin (RETN); recently found to be relevant to inflammation and inflammatory disorders.

FLNC is a muscle-specific filamin, which plays a central role in muscle cells, probably by functioning as a large actin-cross-linking protein. May be involved in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton in response to signaling events, and may also display structural functions at the Z-disks in muscle cells. Defects in FLNC are the cause of autosomal dominant filaminopathy. Myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) is a neuromuscular disorder, usually with an adult onset, characterized by focal myofibrillar destruction and pathological cytoplasmic protein aggregations. Autosomal dominant filaminopathy is a form of MFM characterized by morphological features of MFM and clinical features of a limb-girdle myopathy. A heterozygous nonsense mutation which segregates with the disease, has been identified in the FLNC gene.

Pro-Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a member of the NPY family. NPY is a secreted protein and is one of the most abundant peptides in the nervous system. It also can be found in some chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. NPY can be cleaved into Neuropeptide Y and C-flanking peptide of NPY chain, which regulates energy usage, and it is involved in learning, memory processing, and epilepsy. NPY is implicated in the control of feeding and in secretion of gonadotrophin-release hormone. In addition, NPY increases the proportion of energy stored as fat and blocks nociceptive signals to the brain.

Isoform 1:Cleaves GlcNAc but not GalNAc from O-glycosylated proteins. Can use p-nitrophenyl-beta-GlcNAc and 4-methylumbelliferone-GlcNAc as substrates but not p-nitrophenyl-beta-GalNAc or p-nitrophenyl-alpha-GlcNAc (in vitro) . Does not bind acetyl-CoA and does not have histone acetyltransferase activity. Isoform 3 :Cleaves GlcNAc but not GalNAc from O-glycosylated proteins. Can use p-nitrophenyl-beta-GlcNAc as substrate but not p-nitrophenyl-beta-GalNAc or p-nitrophenyl-alpha-GlcNAc (in vitro), but has about six times lower specific activity than isoform 1.

Matrix metallopeptidase 3 (abbreviated as MMP3) is also known as stromelysin 1 and progelatinase. MMP3 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family whose members are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, tissue remodeling, and disease processes including arthritis and metastasis. As a secreted zinc-dependent endopeptidase, MMP3 exerts its functions mainly in extracellular matrix. This protein is activated by two major endogenous inhibitors: alpha2-macroglobulin and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). MMP3 plays a central role in degrading collagen types II, III, IV, IX, and X, proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminin, and elastin. In addition, MMP3 can also active other MMPs such as MMP1, MMP7, and MMP9, rendering MMP3 crucial in connective tissue remodeling. Dysregulatoin of MMPs has been implicated in many diseases including arthritis, chronic ulcers, encephalomyelitis and ca

BMP-2 protein, like other bone morphogenetic proteins, plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. BMP-2 protein is involved in the hedgehog pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. BMP-2 and BMP-7 are osteogenic BMPs that have been demonstrated to potently induce osteoblast differentiation in a variety of cell types. BMP-2, BMP-4 and BMP-7 are known to be of major importance in bone formation and repair. In cancerous tissues BMP-2 protein may play an important role in the progression of glioma.