Other Proteins

Kallikrein-2 (KLK2) is a secreted serine protease that belongs to the peptidase S1 family of Kallikrein subfamily. KLK2 contains 1 peptidase S1 domain. It is highly expressed in the human prostate gland. KLK2 can cleave Met-Lys and Arg-Ser bonds in kininogen to release Lys-bradykinin, but Preferential cleavages of Arg-|-Xaa bonds in small molecule substrates. It also highly selective action to release kallidin (lysyl-bradykinin) from kininogen involves hydrolysis of Met-|-Xaa or Leu-|-Xaa. KLK2 is inhibited by serpins such as protein C inhibitor, antichymotrypsin, and plasminogen. KLK2 is considered to be a biomarker for prostate cancer.

The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD5 is a member of the CD system. CD5 was found to be widely distributed in T-cells and B1 cells which is a subset of IgM-secreting B cells. CD5 also was found expressed in small lymphocytic lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma cells. CD5 serves to weaken the activating stimulus from the BCR so that the B1 cells can only reflect to the very strong stimuli but not the normal tissue prot

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase B Chain (LDH-B) is a member of the lactate dehydrogenase family that consists of three members, LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C; members of this family function as powerful markers for germ cell tumors. LDH-B is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+. It converts pyruvate to lactate when oxygen is absent or in short supply and it performs the reverse reaction during the Cori cycle in the liver. It is also called Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (HBD) due to its ability to catalyze the oxidation of hydroxybutyrate.

Antisense inhibition of Rab5b, a gene coding for a small GTPase associated with endocytosis, significantly reduced the mGluR-mediated neuroprotection. Ras-related protein Rab-5B (RAB5B), which is identified by a genome-wide association study as a risk locus for this syndrome, encodes a small GTPase involved in the control of receptor internalization and early endosome fusion. Previous genome-wide sequencing revealed that RAB5B is a susceptible target in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). RAB5A gene was abnormally expressed in luteinized granulosa cells of obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, which may help explain high FSHR levels found in this syndrome. RAB5B is directly downregulated by miR-130a-3p. Knockdown of RAB5B also inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 (PIK3R5; also PI3-kinase p101 subunit, Ptdlns-3-kinase p101, and p101-PI3K) is a 97 kDa regulatory subunit of the PI3K gamma complex. It is expressed as a heterodimer with the catalytic subunit PIK3CG/p120. Human PIK3R5 is 880 amino acids (aa) in length. The heterodimerization region is made up of aa 25-101, and aa 653-753 comprise the region for interaction with G beta gamma proteins. A second 55 kDa isoform is formed by the deletion of aa 1-386.

GLUT6 as a functionally uncharacterized transporter that putatively works in inflammatory responses. Inflammatory stimuli increase GLUT6 expression level, although GLUT6-knockout mice exhibit a subtle phenotype to lipopolysaccharide administration. Metabolomics and in vitro analyses show that GLUT6 functions as a glycolysis modulator in inflammatory macrophages. GLUT6 does not mediate glucose uptake and is localized on lysosomal membranes. We conclude that GLUT6 is a lysosomal transporter that is regulated by inflammatory stimuli and modulates inflammatory responses by affecting the metabolic shift in macrophages.

γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor β3 subunit (GABRB3) is a candidate gene for autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Alteration in the gene results in increased tactile sensitivity, or hypersensitivity.Overexpression of GABRB3 might be implicated in the pathogenesis of heroin dependence. Aberration or mutation of this gene leads to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome and schizophrenia.[1][3] GABRB3 polymorphisms results in nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P).

Ataxin-3 is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that serves as a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) involved in protein homeostasis and quality control, myogenesis and degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates. As a DUB, it has two distinct features. Its N-terminal Josephin domain confers cysteine protease activity to Ataxin-3 which is important for hydrolyzing ubiquitin (Ub) linkages. The second important feature is its three Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs) through which it binds Ub conjugates and ubiquitinated proteins and bring them into proximity to trim or edit specific linkages within these Ub conjugates. It binds long poly-Ub chains and trims them. However, it has weak or no activity against chains of 4 or less Ub.

This gene encodes proline-rich gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 3, a member of vitamin K-dependent membrane proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues. The encoded precursor protein contains an N-terminal propeptide that is required for the carboxylation of glutamate residues in the mature protein. Alternate splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.