ELISA

Interleukin 13(IL-13) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 is cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2(Th2) cells, that is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease. IL-13 induces its effects through a multi-subunit receptor that includes the alpha chain of the IL-4 receptor(IL-4Ralpha) and at least one of two known IL-13-specific binding chains. Most of the biological effects of IL-13, like those of IL-4, are linked to a single transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6(STAT6). The IL13 gene is clustered with IL3, IL5, IL4, and CSF2 on 5q. Physical maps of the 5q23-q31 region show the following order: cen--IL3--CSF2--IL13--IL4--IL5--tel, with IL13 particularly close to IL4.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), a member of the chemokine(chemotactic cytokine) family, is a potent monocyte agonist that is upregulated by oxidized lipids.1 MCP-1 is also known as CCL2, SCYA2, MCAF. MCAF is a member of family of factors involved in immune and inflammatory responses. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence reveals the primary structure of the MCAF precursor to be composed of a putative signal peptide sequence of 23 amino acid residues and a mature MCAF sequence of 76 amino acid residues.2 MCP-1 plays a unique and crucial role in the initiation of atherosclerosis and may provide a new therapeutic target in this disorder.3

Kallikrein-1, also known as tissue kallikrein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK1 gene. This serine protease generates Lys-bradykinin by specific proteolysis of kininogen-1. KLK1 is a member of the peptidase S1 family. Its gene is mapped to 19q13.3. In all, it has got 262-amino acids which contain a putative signal peptide, followed by a short activating peptide and the protease domain. The protein is mainly found in kidney, pancreas, and salivary gland, showing a unique pattern of tissue-specific expression relative to other members of the family. KLK1 is implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers.

Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) is a complex immunoreactive glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 180,000 comprising 60% carbohydrate. It is found in adenocarcinomas of endodermally derived digestive system epithelia and in fetal colon. Carcinoembryonic antigen is one of the most widely used tumor markers in serum immunoassay determinations of carcinoma.

Ang K1-3 is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 259 amino acids. It represents a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen containing the first three kringle structures. Ang K1-3 reduces endothelial cell proliferation and acts as a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. It displays increased inhibitory activity(ED₅₀ =70 nM) relative to kringles 1-4(ED₅₀ = 135 nM).

Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282(cluster of differentiation 282). TLR-2 plays a role in the immune system. TLR-2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells and recognizes foreign substances and passes on appropriate signals to the cells of the immune system. TLR2 expresses as 4- and 4.4-kb mRNAs in heart, brain, and muscle..

Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3) also known as CD283(cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR3 gene. The TLR3 gene was mapped to chromosome 4q35 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. TLR3 specifically recognizes double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) and induces multiple intracellular events responsible for innate antiviral immunity against a number of viral infections.

Aggrecan, also known as cartilage-specific proteoglycan core protein (CSPCP) or chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACAN gene. It is a critical component for cartilage structure and the function of joints. Aggrecan provides intervertebral disc and cartilage with the ability to resist compressive loads. The localized high concentrations of aggrecan provide the osmotic properties necessary for normal tissue function with the GAGs producing the swelling pressure that counters compressive loads on the tissue. This functional ability is dependent on a high GAG/aggrecan concentration being present in the tissue extracellular matrix. Also, Aggrecan plays an important role in the organization of the extracellular spaces between neurons in the brain.

CD23, also known as Fc epsilon RII, or FcεRII, is the "low-affinity" receptor for IgE, an antibody isotype involved in allergy and resistance to parasites, and is important in regulation of IgE levels. There are two forms of CD23: CD23a and CD23b. CD23a is present on follicular B cells, whereas CD23b requires IL-4 to be expressed on T-cells, monocytes, Langerhans cells, eosinophils, and macrophages. As part of a mapping of multiple probes to specific bands on chromosome 19 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the FCE2 gene was assigned to 19p13.3. CD23(FCE2) is a key molecule for B-cell activation and growth. It is the low-affinity receptor for IgE. The truncated molecule can be secreted, then functioning as a potent mitogenic growth factor.