ELISA Kits

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2) is a VEGF receptor. This receptor, known as kinase insert domain receptor, is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. It is mapped to 4q12. This gene encodes one of the two receptors of the VEGF. It functions as the main mediator of VEGF-induced endothelial proliferation, survival, migration, tubular morphogenesis and sprouting. The signalling and trafficking of this receptor are regulated by multiple factors, including Rab GTPase, P2Y purine nucleotide receptor, integrin alphaVbeta3, T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase, etc. VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction act as shear-stress cotransducers, mediating the transduction of shear-stress signals into vascular endothelial cells. In addition to those, VEGFR-2 is also a positive functional marker defining stem cells and distinguishing them from progenitors.

Amphiregulin, also known as AREG, is a protein that is encoded by the AREG gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. This gene is mapped to mouse chromosome 5. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, fibroblasts. Amphiregulin is related to to epidermal growth factor(EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha(TGF-alpha). This protein interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells. It has been found that transgene integration and subsequent expression of Amphiregulin in basal keratinocytes correlated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype, and its expression was increased in parallel with typical Th2 cytokines. Amphiregulin is also an important paracrine mediator of estrogen function specifically required for puberty-induced ductal elongation but not for any earlier or later developmental stages, and it can enhance resistance to nematodes.

Interleukin(IL)-18, also called Interferon-gamma-inducing factor(IGIF), augments natural killer(NK) activity in spleen cells. The gene encodes a precursor protein of 192 amino acids and a mature protein of 157 amino acids.1 IL-18 is a recently discovered cytokine that modulates both T helper type 1(Th1) and Th2 responses.2 IL-18 is a potent proinflammatory cytokine with potential atherogenic properties. It is highly expressed in the atherosclerotic plaques compared with control normal arteries and is localized mainly in plaque macrophages.3

Prolactin, also calle PRL, is a protein that in humans is encodes by the PRL gene. This gene is mapped to 6p22.3. This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. It may play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential for lactation. Prolactin also acts in a cytokine-like manner and as an important regulator of the immune system. Prolactin has important cell cycle related functions as a growth-, differentiating- and anti-apoptotic factor. As a growth factor binding to cytokine like receptors it has also profound influence on hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and is involved in the regulation of blood clotting through several pathways.

Prolactin, also calle PRL, is a protein that in humans is encodes by the PRL gene. This gene is mapped to 6p22.3. This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. It may play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential for lactation. Prolactin also acts in a cytokine-like manner and as an important regulator of the immune system. Prolactin has important cell cycle related functions as a growth-, differentiating- and anti-apoptotic factor. As a growth factor binding to cytokine like receptors it has also profound influence on hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and is involved in the regulation of blood clotting through several pathways.

Adiponectin(ADPN) is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates energy homeostasis and glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is a new member of the family of soluble defense collagens, in hematopoiesis and immune responses. It is an important negative regulator in hematopoiesis and immune systems and raise the possibility that it may be involved in ending inflammatory responses through its inhibitory functions. Adiponectin is mapped to 3q27 and can protect the organism from systemic inflammation by promoting the clearance of early apoptotic cells by macrophages through a receptor-dependent pathway involving calreticulin. The standard product used in this kit is the product of gene recombination, consisting of 226(19-244) amino acids with the molecular mass of 36KDa after glycosylation.

Adiponectin(ADPN) is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates energy homeostasis and glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is a new member of the family of soluble defense collagens, in hematopoiesis and immune responses. It is an important negative regulator in hematopoiesis and immune systems and raise the possibility that it may be involved in ending inflammatory responses through its inhibitory functions. Adiponectin is mapped to 3q27 and can protect the organism from systemic inflammation by promoting the clearance of early apoptotic cells by macrophages through a receptor-dependent pathway involving calreticulin.

Interleukin-20(IL-20) is a protein belonging to the IL-10 family of cytokines. IL-20 is produced by activated keratinocytes and monocytes and transmits an intracellular signal through two distinct cell-surface receptor complexes on keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. By radiation hybrid analysis, the IL20 gene was mapped to chromosome 1q32, where it is tightly linked to the IL10, IL19, and MDA7 genes within a 195-kb region, the IL10 family cytokine cluster. IL-20 regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes during inflammation, particularly inflammation associated with the skin. In addition, IL-20 also causes cell expansion of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Type IV collagenase, 72-kD, is officially designated matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP2). It is also known as gelatinase, 72-kD. MMP-2 plays an essential role in angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, two processes critical to restoration of tissue perfusion after ischemia. MMP-2 expression is increased in tissue ischemia, but the responsible mechanisms remain unknown.1 Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) catalyze extracellular matrix degradation. Control of their activity is a promising target for therapy of diseases characterized by abnormal connective tissue turnover. MMPs are expressed as latent proenzymes that are activated by proteolytic cleavage that triggers a conformational change in the propeptide(cysteine switch). The structure of proMMP-2 reveals how the propeptide shields the catalytic cleft and that the cysteine switch may operate through cleavage of loops essential for propeptide stability.2 The gene is localized to 16q21 using somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization.3 The sta