Lipids

Palmitelaidic Acid (9-trans-Hexadecenoic acid) is the trans isomer of palmitoleic acid. Palmitoleic acid is one of the most abundant fatty acids in serum and tissue.

cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid is a cis-fatty acid. cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid synthesizes polyhydroxy-chain alkanoates under the action of 2, 4-dienyl-CoA reductase and Delta3, Delta2-enyl-CoA isomerase.

trans-10-Heptadecenoic acid is a trans-fatty acid. trans-10-Heptadecenoic acid synthesizes polyhydroxy-chain alkanoates under the action of 2, 4-dienyl-CoA reductase and Delta3, Delta2-enyl-CoA isomerase. In the absence of 2, 4-dienyl-CoA reductase, trans-10-Heptadecenoic acid is degraded by enyl-CoA hydratase II of the multifunctional enzyme (MFE). trans-10-Heptadecenoic acid leads to massive intracellular carbon outflow through reductase dependent and direct MFE dependent pathways.

Petroselinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, is isolated from the vegetable oil of Coriandrum sativum fruits.

trans-Petroselinic acid is the trans isomer of petroselinic acid and an isomer of oleic acid that has been found in cow, goat, and ewe milk fat as well as human breast milk. In HepG2 cells, trans-petroselinic acid (100 μM) increases cellular content of triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters and upregulates transcription of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, including SREBP-1c, ACACA, FASN, and SCD1, and cholesterol synthesis, including HMGCR, HMGCS1, FDFT1, and SREBP-2.

Elaidic acid is the major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent.

cis-Vaccenic acid, the antiviral extract from Rhodopseudomonas capsulate and the predominant active component of Rhodopseudomonas capsulate, acts a potential fetal hemoglobin inducer.

trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of saturated fatty acid in the rumen and of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at the tissue level.

Ricinoleic acid, a hydroxy fatty acid, is an attractive feedstock for the production of high-performance lubricants, cosmetics, polymers, surfactants, and coatings.