Lipids

1 3-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (1 3-DPPE) is a form of  Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) which is formed primarily in the reaction of CDP-ethanolamine and diacylglycerol. PE is one of the major components of cell membranes in bacteria and in nervous system.

1 2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-palmitoyl (N-palmitoyl-DPPE) is a type of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) which as a group includes substrates in the endocannabinoid biosynthesis pathway.  Fatty acid amides are formed by hydrolysis of NAPEs by a specific phospholipase D and N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine (PEA) is found in significant concentrations in the mammalian circulation and central nervous systems. PEA is recognized for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in cells and in vivo animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory diseases.  Further PEA-containing products are licensed for use in humans typically as an analgesic or anti-inflammatory with demonstrated high safety and tolerability.

1 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-stearoyl (N-stearoyl-DPPE) is a type of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) and an important intermediate in the endocannabinoid biosynthesis pathway. Fatty acid amides are formed by hydrolysis of NAPEs by a specific phospholiase D (NAPE-PLD) and metabolized by fatty acid amide hydrolases (FAAH).  Both of these enzymes are emerging drug targets initially for the treatment of inflammatory pain and ischemia. Specifically N-stearoyl-ethanolamine (SEA) is known for its in vivo anti-inflammatory properties including suppression of allergic dermatitis; and could be the mediator preventing obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet.

1 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-oleoyl (N-oleoyl-DPPE) is a type of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) and an important intermediate in the endocannabinoid biosynthesis pathway. Fatty acid amides are synthesized by a specific phospholiase D (NAPE-PLD) and metabolized by fatty acid amide hydrolases (FAAH) and N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA).  These enzymes are drug targets for the treatment of inflammatory pain and nervous system disorders. N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA) is particularly known for its anorexic effect producing satiety and reducing body weight gain in experimental animals on hypercaloric diets.  Structural analogs of OEA and inhibitors of FAAH and NAAA are being explored as novel anti-obesity drugs.  In addition preclinical studies have shown that OEA is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound that exerts neuroprotective effects and the endogenous release of OEA could be a homeostatic signal to counteract the toxic actions of alco

1 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-linoleoyl (N-linoleoyl-DPPE) is a specific non-endocannabinoid type of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE).  NAPEs are the substrates of a specific phospholiase D (NAPE-PLD) which produces aqueous-soluble bioactive fatty acid amides or N-acylethanolamines.  Linoleoylethanolamide is a non-endocannabinoid  N-acylethanolamine and are more abundant as a group than anandamide and other endocannabinoid (which bind CB1 and CB2) in most tissues. The non-endocannabinoid group also have higher kD values for fatty acid amide hydrolases (FAAH) the enzyme that shuts off the bioactive signals by metabolizing N-acylethanolamines (NAEs).  N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine (LEA) is one of the two most abundant NEA found in chocolate which do not activate brain cannabinoid receptors but effectively inhibit anandamide degradation by plugging up FAAH.  More recently LEA was found to protect neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer against excitotoxicity

1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine (16:0 LPE) is a form of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) a minor lipid found in low levels in plasma membranes and serum which is generated through PLA2. LPE has been shown to increase intracellular Ca2+ invasiveness and migration in SKOV3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition LPE accelerates ripening and increase the shelf-life of some fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes grapes and cranberries. Lysophospholipids are lipid mediators which elicit a diverse array of cellular responses through activation of phospholipid specific G protein-coupled receptors.

1 2-Dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine sodium salt (DHPS) is a form of phosphatidylserine (PS) a negatively charged phospholipid located in the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. During apoptosis PS is no longer restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and migrates to the outer leaflet. Recognition of extra-leaflet PS by Anexin V is the basis of popular apoptosis assays. Similarly during platelet activation PS is translocated to the outer side where it facilitates assembly of the prothrombinase complex.

1 2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine sodium salt (DPPS) is a form of phosphatidylserine (PS) a negatively charged phospholipid located in the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. During apoptosis PS is no longer restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and migrates to the outer leaflet. Recognition of extra-leaflet PS by Anexin V is the basis of popular apoptosis assays. Similarly during platelet activation PS is translocated to the outer side where it facilitates assembly of the prothrombinase complex. Powered by Bioz See more details on Bioz

Biotin-Phosphatidylserine is a biotinylated conjugate of phosphatidylserine (PS) a negatively charged phospholipid located in the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. During apoptosis PS is no longer restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and migrates to the outer leaflet. Recognition of extra-leaflet PS by Anexin V is the basis of popular apoptosis assays. Similarly during platelet activation PS is translocated to the outer side where it facilitates assembly of the prothrombinase complex.Publications Powered by Bioz See more details on Bioz