Activators & Inhibitors

Cefazolin-13C2,15N (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37250). Cefazolin-13C2,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of cefazolin by GC- or LC-MS. Cefazolin is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic that is active in vitro against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 0.2-12.5 μg/ml). It also inhibits the growth of clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 0.1-25 μg/ml).

Celecoxib Carboxylic Acid Acyl-β-D-Glucuronide (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37251). Celecoxib carboxylic acid acyl-β-D-glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of celecoxib . Celecoxib is an anti-inflammatory compound from the diaryl heterocycle class that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; IC50s = 22.9 and 0.05 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively). Celecoxib carboxylic acid acyl-β-D-glucuronide is a minor metabolite, accounting for 2% of the administered dose in human urine and rat bile.

Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37252). Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride, a chitosan oligosaccharide, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and cardioprotective properties. Additionally, it effectively promotes the growth and photosynthesis parameters of wheat seedlings[1][2].

Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37253). Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide compound with anti-inflammatory properties, achieved by binding to the active sites of TLR4 and thereby inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation, as supported by references [1] and [2].

Rugulotrosin A (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37254). Rugulotrosin A is an antibiotic originally isolated from Penicillium, active against the Gram-positive bacteria E. faecalis, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus with 99% lethal dose (LD99) values of 1.6, 3.1, 5.5, and 200 μg/ml, respectively. Rugulotrosin A is inactive against Gram-negative bacteria.

12-methyl Myristic Acid methyl ester (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37255). 12-methyl Myristic acid methyl ester is a methylated fatty acid methyl ester that has been found in vermicomposts of cattle manure, carica papaya leaves, and cuticular wax of K. africana. It is a volatile compound in lipid-lowering granulated tea. Levels of 12-methyl myristic acid methyl ester are decreased in T. cruzi treated with nifurtimox compared to non-treated controls.

12-oxo Leukotriene B4 (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37256). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a dihydroxy fatty acid derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-LO pathway. It promotes a number of leukocyte functions including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis. 12-oxo LTB4 is an initial metabolite of LTB4 formed via the LTB4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase pathway. It is rapidly converted to 10,11-dihydro-12-oxo-LTB4, followed by reduction of the 12-oxo group to give 10,11-dihydro-LTB4. 12-oxo-LTB4 (EC50 = 33 nM) is about 70-fold less potent than LTB4 (EC50 = 0.46 nM) at stimulating Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils. It is also significantly less potent than LTB4 at stimulating neutrophil migration with EC50 values of 170 and 2.7 nM for 12-oxo-LTB4 and LTB4, respectively.

13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin D1 (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37257). Prostaglandin D1 (PGD1) is the theoretical D-series metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but to date it has not been isolated as a natural product. It is an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in humans with an IC50 value of 320 ng/ml, about 1/10 as potent as PGD2. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin D1 (13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGD1) is the theoretical metabolite of PGD1 via the 15-hydroxy PG dehydrogenase metabolic pathway. No biological studies for this compound have been reported.

13-methyl Myristic Acid methyl ester (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37258). 13-methyl Myristic acid methyl ester is a methylated bacterial fatty acid methyl ester. It has been used as a marker of bacteria in sewage sludges and of bacterial contaminants in pharmaceutical manufacturing by GC-MS.