Activators & Inhibitors

PAF C-16 Carboxylic Acid (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37268). PAF C-16 is a naturally occurring phospholipid produced upon stimulation through two distinct pathways known as the remodeling" and 'de novo' pathways. It is a potent mediator of neutrophil migration and the production of reactive oxygen species and IL-6. Pathological processes involving PAF include necrotizing enterocolitis

7-hydroxy Methotrexate (sodium salt) (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37269). 7-hydroxy Methotrexate (sodium salt) is the major metabolite of Methotrexate (T1485).

Methyl syringate (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T3727). Methyl syringate (Syringic Acid Methyl Ester) has a unique inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin production with a different mode of action from that of gallic acid. Methyl syringate from K. pictus is a specific and selective activator of hTRPA1, can regulate food intake and gastric emptying through a TRPA1-mediated pathway and, by extension, can contribute to weight suppression.

9(E),11(E)-12-nitro Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37270). 9(E),11(E)-12-nitro Conjugated linoleic acid (9(E),11(E)-12-nitro CLA) is a nitrated fatty acid. It is formed from 9(Z),11(E)-CLA upon exposure to acidified nitrite, peroxynitrite, gaseous nitrogen dioxide, or a combination of myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrite.1It is also formed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, an effect that can be reduced by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME .29(E),11(E)-12-nitro CLA has been found in human plasma.

9(E)-Erythromycin A oxime (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37271). (9E)-Erythromycin A oxime is a metabolite of the semisynthetic antibiotic roxithromycin .

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37272). 9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME is a linoleic acid-derived oxylipin that has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It has been found in various plants and is produced in human eosinophils in a 15-lipoxygenase-dependent, soluble epoxide hydrolase-independent manner.1,59(S),12(S)13(S)-TriHOME inhibits antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50= 28.7 μg/ml).2It inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia (IC50= 40.95 μM).3

BLX3887 (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37273). BLX3887 is an inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase type 1 (15-LO-1; IC50 = 32 nM in a cell-free enzyme assay).1 It is selective for 15-LO-1 over 15-LO-2, which it does not inhibit, 5-LO (IC50 = 472 nM), and 12-LO (IC50 = 3,310 nM). BLX3887 inhibits the production of 15-LO metabolites selectively in eosinophils over neutrophils when used at a concentration of 10 μM. It also inhibits endocytosis in, and the migration of, isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived dendritic cells in vitro.

2,3-dinor-11β-Prostaglandin F2α (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37275). 2,3-dinor-11β-Prostaglandin F2α (2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α) was recovered from the urine of both normal monkeys and humans when infused with radiolabeled PGD2, where it represented approximately 1% and 4% of the infused radiolabeled dose, respectively. 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α has also been recovered from the urine of mastocytosis patients, where it is excreted in large amounts. In human asthmatic patients, 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α represents about 40% (as determined by GC/MS) of the immunoreactive 11β-PGF2α when measured using 's 11β-PGF2α EIA Kit . The excretion rate for 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α is approximately 200-250 ng/24 hours in a normal adult.

2,5-Deoxyfructosazine (hydrochloride) (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37276). 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a pyrazine derivative found in cured tobacco and used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry. It can be produced via pyrolytic decomposition of natural compounds or through the reaction of sugars with alcoholic ammonia. Additionally, it forms from the breakdown of D-glucosamine at neutral pH. Similar to glucosamine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine exhibits DNA strand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC50 = ~1.25 mM).