Activators & Inhibitors

[Orn8]-Urotensin II (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37527). [Orn8]-Urotensin II is a Urotensin receptor ligand and a partial agonist at Urotensin receptors.

[Orn8]-Urotensin II acetate (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37527L). [Orn8]-Urotensin II acetate is a Urotensin receptor ligand and a partial agonist at Urotensin receptors.

tBPC (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37528). Positive allosteric modulator of neuropeptide Y receptor 4 (Y4R). Potentiates Y4R response to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) (EC50 values are 0.03, 0.4 and 0.5 nM respectively). Shows selectivity for Y4R over Y1R, Y2R and Y5R.

Sinapinic Acid (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T3753). Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

Glycerophospho-N-Arachidonoyl Ethanolamine (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37530). N-Acylated ethanolamines (NAE) are naturally-occurring lipids that have diverse bioactivities. The different types of NAE can be derived from glycerophospho-linked precursors by the activity of glycerophosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1). Glycerophospho-N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine is the precursor of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), also known as anandamide. AEA is an endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter that binds to both central cannabinoid (CB1) and peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptors. It inhibits the specific binding of [3H]-HU-243 to synaptosomal membranes with a Ki value of 52 nM, compared to 46 nM for δ9-THC.

Glycerophosphorylethanolamine (sodium salt) (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37531). Glycerophosphorylethanolamine is an active phosphodiester metabolite of phosphatidylethanolamine.1,2It promotes aggregation of amyloid-β (1-40) (Aβ40)in vitro, and levels of glycerophosphorylethanolamine are elevated in postmortem brains isolated from patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Docosahexaenoyl Glycine (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37532). The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in fish oils provide cardiovascular benefits. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a C22:6 PUFA, is the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the retina and brain. It can be synthesized from other dietary ω-3 PUFAs or taken as a nutritional supplement. Docosahexaenoyl glycine consists of DHA with glycine attached at its carboxy terminus.

DOPAL (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37533). DOPAL is an aldehyde product of the oxidative deamination of dopamine by monoamine oxidase.[1] It can be further oxidized to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and, to a lesser extent reduced to 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (DOPET). DOPAL is toxic to neurons.[2],[3] It can also oligomerize and precipitate α-synuclein, an event associated with Parkinson's disease.[2] Mice lacking cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of ALDH display increased levels of DOPAL as well as neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction characteristic of Parkinson’s disease.[4]

DMPAC-Chol (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T37534). DMPAC-Chol is a cationic cholesterol derivative that has been used in liposome formation for gene transfection. Liposomes containing DMPAC-chol bind to DNA in a band shift assay and protect against serum nuclease degradation of DNA when used at lipsome:DNA ratios ranging from 2.5:1 to 10:1 w/w. DMPAC-Chol-containing liposomes also reduce viability of HepG2 cells by 63% when used at a concentration of 37.5 μg/ml.