Activators & Inhibitors

tetranor-PGAM (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T38305). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), one of the most widely investigated PGs, can be used as a biomarker of inflammation, disease state, or therapeutic effectiveness. However due to its rapid metabolism, direct measurement of PGE2 in biological samples is difficult. The major urinary metabolite of PGE2, tetranor-PGEM, serves as an indirect marker of PGE2 biosynthesis. Though like PGE2, tetranor-PGEM is also chemically unstable. tetranor-PGAM is a dehydration product of tetranor-PGEM and can be measured as a surrogate for tetranor-PGEM levels in urine.

tetranor-PGDM (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T38306). Prostaglandin D2 is synthesized by hematopoietic-type PGD-synthase (H-PGDS) in mast cells and is released in large quantities during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis. PGD2 is also produced in the brain by lipocalin-PGD-synthase also known as β-trace. In the brain, PGD2 produces normal physiological sleep and lowering of body temperature. Further pharmacological actions include inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. tetranor-PGDM is a major metabolite of PGD2 that is detectable in human and mouse urine. The levels of tetranor-PGDM and 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α , a related PGD2 metabolite, in human urine were found to be 1.5 ± 0.3 and 0.6 ± ng/mg creatinine, respectively. tetranor-PGDM was detected in murine urine at a level of 8.1 ± 1.3 ng/mg creatinine.

tetranor-PGJM (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T38307). Tetranor-PGJM, a metabolite of prostaglandin D2, is associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin.

Lipoxin B4 methyl ester (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T38308). Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) methyl ester is a lipid-soluble prodrug form of the transcellular metabolite LXB4, which is a positional isomer of LXA4 produced by the metabolism of 15-HETE or 15-HpETE by human leukocytes. At 100 nM, LXB4 inhibits polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration stimulated by leukotriene B4 and inhibits LTB4-induced adhesion of PMNs with an IC50 of 0.3 nM.

LL-37 amide (trifluoroacetate salt) (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T38309). LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml. It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells. LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral ge

Licoricone (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T3831). Licoricone exhibits anti-helicobacter pylori activity against the CLAR and AMOX-resistant strain as well as four CLAR (AMOX)-sensitive strains.

Luciferase-IN-1 (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T38310). Luciferase-IN-1, a luciferase inhibitor, is utilized in the study of bacterial and fungal infections.

(S)-3-Thienylglycine (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T38311). (S)-3-Thienylglycine is a thiophene derivative and can be used to investigate the genotoxicity of the similar structures with thiophene derivatives.

L-Cysteine-glutathione disulfide (Legacy Tebubio ref. 282T38312). L-Cysteine-glutathione disulfide, a glutathione derivative endogenous to mammalian cells, is comprised of the oxidized form of free glutathione tripeptide linked via a disulfide bond to L-cysteine. It has been shown to protect mice against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.