Results for Peptides & Amino Acids ( 24822 )
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Hepcidin, also known as LEAP-1 (liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide) or Hepcidin-25 is a hormone of 25 amino acids. Hepcidin is a cationic, cysteine-rich and tightly folded peptide stabilized by 4 disulfide bonds that plays a major role in innate immunity and iron homeostasis. Hepcidin inhibits iron transport by binding to the iron export channel ferroportin which is located on the basolateral surface of gut enterocytes and the plasma membrane of reticuloendothelial cells (macrophages). Hepcidin breaks down the transporter protein in the lysosome. Inhibiting ferroportin prevents iron exportation and iron is retained in cells. Hepcidin is regulated by iron through a complex of integral hemochromatosis proteins, like HFE, HJV and transferrin receptor 2. Hepcidin is also characterized by is antimicrobial activity in several vertebrate species, exerting its antimicrobial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeast, with for example an IC50 value against
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Human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), also known as skin-antimicrobial peptide 1 (SAP1) is a cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptide of 41 amino acids. It was originally isolated from skin cells of psoriasis patients. hBD-2, which belongs to the defensin family, is implicated in the innate immunity thanks to its antimicrobial activity. Thus, β-defensins can play a role at the cutaneous level by limiting the use of antibiotics in severe burns and disease like psoriasis. Moreover, at the pulmonary level, defensins might be involved in the resorption of the infection in cases of cystic fibrosis. hBD-2 is produced after stimulation of epithelial cells following their contact with some organisms like Gram-negative bacteria and Candida Albicans, fungus or cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. This antimicrobial activity was shown to be microbicidal at concentrations greater than 1 µM and was lethal for E.Coli and pseudomonas (LD90 : 10 mg/mL) and Candida Albicans (LD90 : 25 mg/mL). Beside