Lipids

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2-(bromomethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-(9Z)-dioctadeca-9-dienoate is a chemical reagent featuring a bromide, a primary alcohol, and two identical esters coupled to unsaturated C18 tails. Bromide is easily displaced by nucleophiles in substitution reactions, while alcohols may be used in a wide variety of reactions. Compounds such as this may be used as intermediates in building lipids for use in lipid nanoparticles.

Lipid 10 is an ionizable lipid which may be used to develop lipid nanoparticles in drug discovery. The structure features a methylpiperazine head, a central tertiary amine, and two identical polyunsaturated C20 tails. The prescence of three amines in this structures allows it to carry up to three positive charges depending on pH. Ionizable lipids such as this may be applied in the development of lipid nanoparticles for drug discovery.

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18:1 PE (DOPE) pSar25 is a polysarcosine (pSar) derivative featuring an 18:1 PE head group and a 25-mer polysarcosine tail. Sarcosine is an amino acid derivated that is being developed as an alternative to PEG for in vivo applications due to its biodegradability and highly reduced antigenicity. pSar-lipid derivatives such as this may be applied in the development of lipid nanoparticles.

Beta-Sitosterol, a prominent plant phytosterol, shares similarities with cholesterol, as it can undergo oxidation, forming beta-sitosterol oxides. As a C-24 alkyl derivative, its tail and body variations impact size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Consequently, it shows promise in improving gene transfection capabilities.

Stigmasterol, a common unsaturated phytosterol found in plants, is a tetracyclic triterpene. It contains an extra double bond between C-22 and C-23, along with a C-24 ethyl group. These structural features influence the size, mRNA encapsulation efficiency (EE), and transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Stigmasterol's prevalence in various natural sources, including vegetable fats and oils, makes it a significant component with potential applications in improving gene transfection processes.