Chemicals & Small Molecules

Stercobilin Hydrochloride is produced via the oxidation of stercobilinogen a degradation product of bilirubin and excreted in the feces. Bilirubin is a water insoluble tetrapyrrole produced from the reduction of biliverdin in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme bilirverdin reductase. Water insoluble bilirubin (also called indirect bilirubin) undergoes glucuronidation in the liver (addition of one or two glucuronic acids through a glycosidic bond) to form the water soluble bilirubin mono or diglucuronide (also called bilirubin conjugate or direct bilirubin). Bilirubin conjugate is excreted from the liver in bile or is converted to mesobilinogen via gut bacteria and then to urobilinogen and excreted in the urine as urobilin or stercobilinogen and excreted in the feces as stercobilin. Stercobilin Hydrochloride is soluble in basic aqueous solutions (pH > 9 for initial dissolution) and soluble down to pH 7 once in solution as well as methanol and ethanol if made slightly basic.Reference

Mesobiliverdin IX is an analog of biliverdin which occurs naturally in non-vertebrates and by bacterial transformation of non-conjugated bilirubin in mammals. Biliverdin has been proposed as a treatment for acute and chronic inflammation conditions such as diabetes but until recently it had been limited by scalable production and contamination of other isomers in animal sourced material. Mesobiliverdin is a substrate for bilverdin reductase and has recently been produced in scalable quantities from phycocyanobilin derived from cyanobacteria. Treatment of pancreata with Mesobiliverdin (1-100 μM) increased functional islet production up to 86% over non-treated controls. Transplantation of mesobiliverdin produced islets into STZ inducible diabetic rats lowered non-fasting blood glucose levels in 55% of subjects (22% for control) indicating recovery of insulin-dependant function.References1) T. Ito et al. “Mesobiliverdin IXa enhances pancreatic islet yield and production” Front. Pharm

The Heme Oxygenase Inhibitor Toolkit contains three inhibitors to heme oxygenase and a negative control [Cu (II) Protoporphyrin IX]. Heme Oxygenase catalyzes the conversion of heme to biliverdin in the heme degradation pathway and has been implicated in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy reduction of free radical formation and inflammation and is associated with vesicular repair.Heme Oxygenase Inhibitor Toolbox contains:Zn (II) Protoporphyrin IX (F-H060) 100 mgCu (II) Protoporphyrin IX (F-H070) 50 mgSn (IV) Protoporphyrin IX Dichloride (F-H080) 250 mgZn (II) Deuteroepophyrin IX 2 4 bis ethylenglycol (F-H090) 25 mgStorageThe components of the Heme Oxygenase Inhibitor Kit stable for at least one year when stored as a solid protected from moisture at -20 °C. Protect from light.

The Collagen Hybridizing Peptides are products of 3-Helix Inc.The collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) is a novel and unique peptide that specifically binds unfolded collagen chains both in vitro and in vivo [1 2 3]. By sharing the Gly-X-Y repeating sequence of natural collagen CHP has a strong capability to hybridize with denatured collagen chains by reforming the triple helical structure in a fashion similar to DNA fragments annealing to complementary DNA strands. CHP is extremely specific: it has negligible affinity to intact collagen molecules due to lack of binding sites and it is inert towards non-specific binding because of its neutral and hydrophilic nature.CHP is a powerful histopathology tool which enables straightforward detection of inflammation and tissue damage caused by a large variety of diseases as well as tissue remodeling during development and aging [3]. CHP robustly visualizes the pericellular matrix turnover caused by proteolytic migration of cancer cells withi

HA30-BODIPY-FL is made up of hyaluronic acid labeled with the green fluorophore Bodipy®-FLAverage MW: 20-30 kDaDegree of Substitution: 0.5-2.0 labels per polymer chainHyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight anionic polysaccharide (1 000-10 000 kD) composed of repeating disaccharides and is one of several glycosaminoglycan components of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Free HA is taken up by the liver where it is degraded and recycled. Many chronic liver diseases including infection (hepatitis B or C) toxicity (alcohol and drugs) genetic (hemochromatosis) autoimmunity and malignancy result in liver inflammation which can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis; causing impairment of liver function and resulting in a rapid increase in circulating HA levels. Data indicates a relationship between HA levels local inflammation and severity of disease. Recent publications have also shown that HA levels in urine are indicative of bladder cancer that HA levels ar

HA30-TexasRed is made up of hyaluronic acid labeled with the red fluorophore Texas RedAverage MW: 20-30 kDaDegree of Substitution: 0.5-2.0 labels per polymer chainHyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight anionic polysaccharide (1 000-10 000 kD) composed of repeating disaccharides and is one of several glycosaminoglycan components of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Free HA is taken up by the liver where it is degraded and recycled. Many chronic liver diseases including infection (hepatitis B or C) toxicity (alcohol and drugs) genetic (hemochromatosis) autoimmunity and malignancy result in liver inflammation which can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis; causing impairment of liver function and resulting in a rapid increase in circulating HA levels. Data indicates a relationship between HA levels local inflammation and severity of disease. Recent publications have also shown that HA levels in urine are indicative of bladder cancer that HA levels are dir

Chitin is a linear amino polysaccharide poly(2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-D-glucose) obtained from crustacean biomass. It is manufactured via ionic liquid process (DOI: 10.1039/C003583A) without degradation of the natural polymer (highest available MW narrow molecular weight distribution %DA of >97%).

HA300-BODIPY-FL is made up of hyaluronic acid labeled with the green fluorophore Bodipy®-FLAverage MW: 220-280 kDaDegree of Substitution: 0.5-2.0 labels per polymer chainHyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight anionic polysaccharide (1 000-10 000 kD) composed of repeating disaccharides and is one of several glycosaminoglycan components of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Free HA is taken up by the liver where it is degraded and recycled. Many chronic liver diseases including infection (hepatitis B or C) toxicity (alcohol and drugs) genetic (hemochromatosis) autoimmunity and malignancy result in liver inflammation which can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis; causing impairment of liver function and resulting in a rapid increase in circulating HA levels. Data indicates a relationship between HA levels local inflammation and severity of disease. Recent publications have also shown that HA levels in urine are indicative of bladder cancer that HA levels

HA300-TexasRed is made up of hyaluronic acid labeled with the red fluorophore Texas RedAverage MW: 230-280 kDaDegree of Substitution: 0.5-2.0 labels per polymer chainHyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight anionic polysaccharide (1 000-10 000 kD) composed of repeating disaccharides and is one of several glycosaminoglycan components of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Free HA is taken up by the liver where it is degraded and recycled. Many chronic liver diseases including infection (hepatitis B or C) toxicity (alcohol and drugs) genetic (hemochromatosis) autoimmunity and malignancy result in liver inflammation which can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis; causing impairment of liver function and resulting in a rapid increase in circulating HA levels. Data indicates a relationship between HA levels local inflammation and severity of disease. Recent publications have also shown that HA levels in urine are indicative of bladder cancer that HA levels are